Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for patients and healthy volunteers (HVs)
| PHx (n=17) | nPHx (n=31) | HV (n=30) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years* | 40 (17–53) | 38 (19–55) | 37 (19–64) | 0.74 |
| Female | 14 (82%) | 17 (55%) | 18 (60%) | 0.20 |
| Lesion laterality (R/L) | 7/6 (41/35%) | 11/16 (35/52%) | NA | 0.44 |
| Epilepsy onset, years† | 14 (7.5–25) | 17 (11–22) | NA | 0.94 |
| Epilepsy duration, years† | 21 (10–30) | 19 (10–30) | NA | 0.70 |
| MRI negative | 4 (23%) | 4 (13%) | NA | 0.43 |
| HS | 7 (41%) | 20 (64%) | NA | 0.12 |
| Cavernomas | 2 (12%) | 2 (6.5%) | NA | 0.61 |
| DNET | 2 (12%) | 5 (16%) | NA | 1.00 |
| FCD | 0 (0%) | 2 (6.5%) | NA | 0.53 |
| Other‡ | 2 (12%) | 3 (10%) | NA | 1.00 |
| Dual pathology | 0 (0%) | 5 (16%) | NA | 0.15 |
| Number of AEDs* | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | NA | 0.28 |
| Premorbid IQ§ | 99.5 (17) | 97.4 (12.3) | 111 (10.6)¶ | |
| BDI-FS* | 4 (0–12) | 2 (0–9) | 0.5 (0–5)¶ | |
| BAI* | 9 (2–33) | 6 (0–28) | 2.5 (0–12)¶ | |
| Lifetime psychiatric history: | ||||
| Unipolar depression | 12 (70%) | NA | NA | |
| Anxiety disorder | 3 (18%) | NA | NA | |
| Depression and anxiety | 2 (12%) | NA | NA | |
*Median (range).
†Median (IQR).
‡Abnormal gyral folding/calcification or epidermoid cyst.
§Mean (SD).
¶Sig difference to both temporal lobe epilepsy groups (p<0.01).
AEDs, antiepileptic drugs; DNET, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; HS, hippocampal sclerosis; NA, not applicable.