FIGURE 11.

Effects of HYA on the TNFR expression in DSS-induced colitis mice. A, total RNA was extracted from colonic tissue of DSS-induced colitis mice, and the mRNA expression of TNFRs was examined by real time RT-PCR (n = 6). B, cryosections of colonic tissue were immunolabeled for TNFR2 (green), DAPI (blue), and CD326 (red). Scale bars, 100 μm. C, intestinal epithelial cells were stained for pan-cytokeratin and TNFR2 and analyzed by flow cytometry. The representative histogram analysis (left) and the percentage of TNFR2-positive IECs (right) are shown. D, cryosections of colonic tissue were immunolabeled for NF-κB p65 (green) and DAPI (blue) (left). Scale bars, 50 μm. The number of NF-κB p65-positive cells were counted (right). *, p < 0.05, and **, p < 0.01, compared with untreated; #, p < 0.05, and ##, p < 0.01, compared with DSS-treated mice without HYA and HYB administration (−) (Tukey-Kramer). Each result (A–D) is representative of two independent similar experiments.