FIGURE 7.

Effect of HYA on the phosphorylation of MAPK. Caco-2 cells were treated with HYA (50 μm) for 0-30 min (p38 and JNK) or 20 min (ERK). Also, some cells were pretreated with the GPR40 antagonist GW1100 or the MEK inhibitor U0126 for 30 min (ERK). Protein was extracted from Caco-2 cells, and phosphorylated and total protein expression of ERK, p38, and JNK was examined by immunoblotting (n = 3). *, p < 0.05, and **, p < 0.01, compared with untreated (Tukey-Kramer). Each result is representative of two similar experiments. ND, not detected.