Table 3. Post-treatment Lyme disease symptom-related diagnoses, Lyme disease and control groups.
| (I) Frequency of PTLDS-related diagnoses, Lyme disease group * , ‡ | (II) Frequency of PTLDS-related diagnoses, control group † ,‡ | (III) χ 2 test (of difference in frequencies) | (IV) Adjusted odds of PTLDS-related diagnoses for Lyme disease group versus control group, (Robust SE) § | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any PTLDS-related diagnosis | 63.1% | 27.6% | p<.001 | 4.77 (0.05)*** |
| Any PTLDS-related diagnosis, females | 68.3% | 30.1% | p<.001 | 5.38 (0.08)*** |
| Any PTLDS-related diagnosis, males | 57.5% | 24.9% | p<.001 | 4.24 (0.06)*** |
| Debility and undue fatigue | 32.7% | 8.4% | p<.001 | 5.47 (0.07)*** |
| Non-specific signs and symptoms: memory loss, acute/chronic pain | 3.8% | 1.2% | p<.001 | 3.10 (0.09)*** |
| Musculoskeletal signs and symptoms | 45.2% | 18.9% | p<.001 | 3.62 (0.04)*** |
| Arthropathy | 7.7% | 1.8% | p<.001 | 4.51 (0.10)*** |
| Peripheral neuropathy, neuritis | 11.4% | 4.6% | p<.001 | 2.65 (0.05)*** |
*** statistically significant at p<.001 level
* Lyme disease sample includes only those persons with a test order and antibiotic treatment within 30 days of the test order, a diagnosis and antibiotic treatment within 30 days of the diagnosis, or a diagnosis, test order and antibiotic treatment within 30 days. The Lyme disease sample includes only those with 18 consecutive months of enrollment, including a 6-month “clean period” of enrollment prior to Lyme disease episode in which they were neither diagnosed with nor tested for Lyme disease.
† Controls were matched to Lyme disease cases on age, sex, region, payer and enrollment year. Control group includes only those with 18 consecutive months of enrollment in a commercial health insurance plan. Control group was restricted to persons with outpatient costs greater than $0.
‡ Lyme disease and control samples are restricted to persons under 65 years of age, with commercial health insurance plans.
§ Odds are calculated using logistic regression analysis and are adjusted for year, region, age, and sex, and controls for 44 high-cost conditions.