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. 2015 Feb 4;10(2):e0117235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117235

Table 1. Characteristics of Pivotal Trials and FDA Review of Innovative Devices.

Device (Approved Year) Description Length of pivotal trial (days) Length of FDA review (days) Length pivotal start to approval (days) Length of primary endpoint completion (N/A occurs for diagnostics and other devices with no follow-up) (days) Enrollment Already available abroad (N/A occurs because the approval is for a device already available to U.S. patients, either for a different indication or as a supplement) Data sources [14] [16, 17]
Sedasys Computer-assisted Personalized Sedation System (2013) Computer-assisted personalized sedation system that administers propofol for minimal-to-moderate sedation; monitors and alarms for physiological vital signs of sedation and limits the depth of sedation. 232 1865 2250 N/A—no follow-up 1000 Yes SSED
Dune Medical Devices Marginprobe System (2012) Radiofrequency spectroscopy probe system that measures the properties of breast lumpectomy tissue and characterizes it as cancerous or normal. 546 633 1578 60 664 Yes SSED; clinicaltrials.gov
Edwards Sapien Transcatheter Heart Valve (2012) Transcatheter heart valve for patients at high risk of mortality from surgical aortic valve replacement; expanded indication for transapical delivery, among other changes. 934 536 1328 360 1057 N/A—available for a different indication SSED; advisory committee documents
Exablate (2012) Magnetic resonance ultrasound surgery device used to non-invasively target and ablate tissues; indicated for patients suffering from bone pain due to metastatic disease and for whom standard radiation therapy fails or is not an option. 1645 318 1692 90 139 N/A—available for a different indication SSED; clinicaltrials.gov
Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator System (2012) Subcutaneous electrode to sense and detect ventricular arrhythmias and deliver defibrillation shocks. 748 280 975 180 330 Yes SSED
Zenith Fenestrated AAA Endovascular Graft (2012) Endovascular stent graft used instead of open surgery in patients with abdominal aortic or aorto-iliac aneurysms. 2342 180 2650 180 42 N/A—supplement SSED
Atricure Synergy Ablation System (2011) Heart tissue ablation system indicated for patients with persistent or longstanding atrial fibrillation who are undergoing open concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve replacement or repair. 1013 356 1405 180 55 N/A—available for a different indication SSED
Edwards Sapien Transcatheter Valve (2011) Heart valve delivered via a transcatheter approach meant as an alternative for patients deemed inoperable for open aortic valve replacement. 1492 366 1636 360 358 Yes SSED
Melafind (2011) Optical imaging and analysis device to detect melanoma among atypical skin lesions. 523 875 1735 N/A—diagnostic 1831 Yes SSED
Vysis ALK Break Apart Fish Probe Kit (2011) Laboratory test that detects the presence of chromosomal rearrangements of the ALK gene in non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples to aid in identifying patients eligible for treatment with the cancer drug crizotinib. 440 147 602 N/A—diagnostic 136 No SSED
Novocure LTD’s Novo TTF-110A Treatment Kit (2011) Portable device that generates alternating electrical fields to treat patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma multiforme; intended as an alternative to standard medical therapy when surgical and radiation options have been exhausted. 1470 235 1753 180 237 Yes SSED
Pipeline Embolization Device (2011) Permanent implant combined with a guidewire-based delivery system placed within the internal carotid artery; intended for adults with wide-necked intracranial aneurysms as an alternative to embolic coils or a liquids. 718 323 884 180 111 Yes SSED
Boston Scientific Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillators (2010) A ventricular antitachycardia pacing and defibrillation system indicated for patients with mild heart failure. 1835 279 2094 1020 1820 N/A—supplement SSED
Implantable Miniature Telescope (2010) Implanted intraocular telescope systems to improve vision in patients at least 75 years old with stable, severe, or profound vision impairment caused by end-stage age-related macular degeneration. Not included because we lacked an accurate trial end date. Not include in sample since FDA issued a not approv-able letter. Not included in sample because we lacked an accurate trial end date and date for the commen-cement of FDA review after the not approv-able letter. 360 217 Yes SSED; FDA advisory committee documents
Alair Bronchial Thermoplasty System (2010) Single-use disposable device designed to provide controlled delivery of radiofrequency energy directly to the lungs; indicated for treatment of severe persistent asthma in adults whose asthma is not well controlled with inhaled corticosteroids and long acting beta agonists. 1035 483 1669 360 297 No SSED; clinicaltrials.gov
Esteem Totally Implantable Hearing System (2010) First totally implantable hearing system to treat moderate to severe hearing loss in adults caused by defective inner ear function; provides an alternative to non-implantable and partially implantable hearing aid technology. 556 225 785 300 60 Yes SSED
Conserve Plus Total Resurfacing Hip System (2009) Total hip system with resurfacing femoral component and a metal-on-metal articulation; intended for use in resurfacing hip arthroplasty for reduction or relief of pain and/or improved hip function in patients with degenerative joint diseases. 2274 2226 3353 720 1366 Yes SSED
Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement System (2009) An artificial ankle joint replacement, indicated for use as a non-cemented implant to replace a painful arthritic ankle joint due to osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. 2540 1267 3176 720 224 Yes SSED
Navistar & Celsius Thermocool Catheters (2009) An ablation catheter threaded through the femoral vein to ablate abnormal heart tissue that causes atrial flutter despite drug therapy. 1095 177 1589 360 167 N/A—supplement SSED; clinicaltrials.gov
Freestyle Navigator Continuous Glucose Monitor (2008) Glucose sensor that reports glucose values continuously for up to 120 hours; detects trends and patterns in glucose levels in adults with diabetes. 99 1008 917 40 137 No SSED
Prestige Cervical Disc System (2007) Two-piece metal device attached to neck bones with bone screws to replace a diseased cervical discs from C3–C7 following removal of the disc for conditions resulting from a diseased or bulging disc. 1369 423 1749 720 541 Yes SSED
Cormet Hip Resurfacing System (2007) Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing system meant for reduction or relief of pain and/or improved hip function in patients with increased activity level who may not be suitable for traditional total hip arthroplasty. 1896 825 2238 720 1154 Yes SSED; FDA advisory committee documents
Guardian Real-Time and Paradigm Real-Time System (Pediatric) (2007) Glucose sensors that report glucose values every 5 minutes for up to 72 hours; detects trends and patterns in glucose levels in adolescents with diabetes. Not including in sample because we lacked trial start and end dates. 374 Not included in sample because we lacked a trial start date. 6 61 N/A—supplement SSED
Olympic Cool-Cap (2006) Fitted cap that provides selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia to prevent or reduce the severity of neurologic injury in full-term infants with clinical evidence of moderate to severe brain injury due to lack of oxygen. 1523 936 2729 540 235 No SSED; clinicaltrials.gov; FDA advisory committee documents
Cordis Precise Nitinol Stent System (2006) Stent and delivery catheter system for high-risk patients with a neurological symptoms and stenosis of the common or internal carotid artery. 1826 1080 2243 360 747 Yes SSED
Birmingham Hip Resurfacing System (2006) Metal-on-metal resurfacing artificial hip replacement system to relieve hip pain and improve function by replacing parts of the hip that were damaged by degenerative joint diseases; intended for active patients who may not be suitable for traditional total hip replacement. 2496 659 3234 Not available 2385 Yes SSED
Luma Cervical Imaging System (2006) Optical detection system to help identify areas on the cervix with precancerous cells which may need to be biopsied; intended for use on women who recently had an abnormal Pap smear and are undergoing evaluation of the cervix. 420 636 1302 N/A—diagnostic 2526 No SSED