Table 1. Characteristics of Patients from Nine States Hospitalized for Childbirth in 2008, According to State Inpatient Data, By Operative Delivery Method.
| Characteristic | Delivery method | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Cesarean (N = 424,224) | Vacuum (N = 174,036) | Forceps (N = 6,158) | Two or more attempted procedures (N = 19,582) | |
| No. hospitals | 835 | 804 | 515 | 671 |
|
| ||||
| Age, mean (standard deviation) | 29.0 (6.3) | 26.8 (6.3) | 27.7 (6.3) | 29.0 (6.4) |
|
| ||||
| Race, no. (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| White | 169,802 (40.0) | 71,980 (41.4) | 3,036 (49.3) | 8,010 (41.0) |
|
| ||||
| Hispanic | 119,227 (28.1) | 48,858 (28.1) | 1,019 (16.6) | 5,348 (27.3) |
|
| ||||
| Black | 50,216 (11.8) | 12,241 (7.0) | 471 (7.7) | 2,112 (10.8) |
|
| ||||
| Other | 84,979 (20.0) | 40,957 (23.5) | 1,632 (26.5) | 4,112 (21.0) |
|
| ||||
| Payor, no. (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Medicaid | 176,062 (41.5) | 70,104 (40.3) | 2,136 (34.7) | 7,725 (39.5) |
|
| ||||
| Private | 226,480 (53.4) | 94,290 (54.2) | 3,686 (59.9) | 10,883 (55.6) |
|
| ||||
| Medicare | 1,875 (0.4) | 434 (0.3) | 32 (0.5) | 95 (0.5) |
|
| ||||
| Self-pay | 11,051 (2.6) | 5,557 (3.2) | 125 (2.0) | 472 (2.4) |
|
| ||||
| No charge | 817 (0.2) | 287 (0.2) | 8 (0.1) | 32 (0.2) |
|
| ||||
| Missing | 7,939 (1.9) | 3,364 (1.9) | 171 (2.8) | 375 (1.9) |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Advanced maternal age | 90,843 (21.4) | 21,962 (12.6) | 953 (15.5) | 4,209 (21.5) |
|
| ||||
| Hypertension disorders | 62,600 (14.8) | 11,421 (6.6) | 621 (10.1) | 2,530 (12.9) |
|
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| Diabetes | 41,393 (9.8) | 8,365 (4.8) | 331 (5.4) | 2,191 (11.2) |
|
| ||||
| Obesity | 23,025 (5.4) | 2,525 (1.5) | 128 (2.1) | 1,526 (7.8) |
|
| ||||
| Multiple gestation | 15,541 (3.7) | 986 (0.6) | 74 (1.2) | 347 (1.8) |
|
| ||||
| Maternal mortality, no. (%) | 76 (0.02) | 3 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
|
| ||||
| Length of stay in days, mean (standard deviation) | 3.6 (3.0) | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.6) | 3.2 (2.1) |