Table 2.

Controlled trials of SCFA and colitis

Patients, n	Treatment	Results	Reference
47	SCFA enema versus placebo	No significant differences	[86]
103	SCFA enema versus placebo	No significant differences	[87]
51	5-ASA and NaB enema versus 5-ASA and placebo	Significant increase in remission and improvements in clinical scores, stool frequency, urgency, and self-assessment	[88]
11	NaB enema versus placebo	Significant decrease in DAI scores, reduction of NF-κB translocation in lamina propria macrophages	[89]
335	NaB enema versus placebo	Minor effects on inflammatory parameters and no significant effects on oxidative stress parameters	[90]
39	NaB enema versus placebo	No significant differences	[91]
45	Corticosteroids versus 5-ASA versus SCFA enema	Similar improvement, although SCFA more cost-effective	[92]
30	Oral mesalazine and butyrate versus oral mesalazine and placebo	Improvement in clinical and UCDAI scores	[93]

SCFA short-chain fatty acids, UCDAI ulcerative colitis disease activity index