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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Dec 12;21(4):1202–1208. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-3408-5

Table 2.

Baseline patient and surgical characteristics by outcome with univariate odds ratios and tests of association in the subgroup with axillary surgery (n = 98).

BLE n=58 No BLE n=40 Odds ratio* (95% CI) p-value
Age, mean (range) 61.2 (44–83) 61.3 (43–85) 1.00 (0.82, 1.20) 0.97
BMI, mean (range) 30.9 (21–48) 28.0 (20–42) 1.56 (1.08, 2.36) 0.02
BMI category, n (%) 0.049
 <25 10 (17.2%) 11 (27.5%) Reference
 25–29 19 (32.8%) 17 (42.5%) 1.22 (0.42, 3.55)
 30–34 15 (25.9%) 7 (17.5%) 2.26 (0.69, 7.86)
 ≥35 14 (24.1%) 5 (12.5%) 2.89 (0.82, 11.13)
Current smoker, n (%) 0.26
 Yes 5 (8.6%) 1 (2.5%) 2.71 (0.51, 27.16)
Bra cup size, n (%) 0.04
A 2 (3.4%) 1 (2.5%) Reference
B 15 (25.9%) 15 (37.5%) 0.60 (0.05, 5.05)
C 24 (41.4%) 19 (47.5%) 0.75 (0.07, 6.15)
D 10 (17.2%) 5 (12.5%) 1.15 (0.09, 11.05)
>D 7 (12.1%) 0 9.00 (0.36, 1509)
Breast radius (cm), mean (range) 8.4 (3.5–14) 7.6 (5–11.4) 1.23 (1.00, 1.53) 0.049
Dominant hand, n (%) 0.88
 Affected side 31 (53.4%) 22 (55.0%) 0.94 (0.42, 2.10)
Recent biopsy type, n (%) 0.04
 Needle only 52 (89.7%) 40 (100%) Reference
 Surgical 6 (10.3%) 0 10.02 (1.13, 1322)
Tumor size** (cm), median (range) 1.3 (0.1–4.3) 1.4 (0.4–3.5) 0.84 (0.48, 1.48) 0.54
Tumor stage, n (%) 0.45
 Tis 4 (6.9%) 7 (17.5%) Reference
 T1 46 (79.3%) 26 (65.0%) 2.92 (0.85, 11.20)
 T2 7 (12.1%) 7 (17.5%) 1.67 (0.36, 8.27)
 T3 1 (1.7%) 0 N/A
Volume resected (cm3), median (range) 49.5 (2.1–259.9) 45.4 (8.8–217.9) 1.08 (0.94, 1.26) 0.26
(Volume resected)/(breast radius) ratio, median (range) 6.2 (0.2–59.9) 6.3 (1.2–26.6) 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) 0.43
Axillary Operation, n (%) 0.38
 SLNB 45 (77.6%) 34 (85.0%) Reference
 ALND 13 (22.4%) 6 (15.0%) 1.58 (0.58, 4.69)
Number of nodes removed, median (range) 3 (1–20) 3 (1–38) 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) 0.52
Any positive nodes**, n (%)
 Yes 15 (25.9%) 11 (27.5%) 0.77 (0.31, 1.95) 0.84
Node stage**, n (%) 0.54
 N0 39 (72.2%) 22 (66.7%) Reference
 N1 8 (14.8%) 10 (30.3%) 0.46 (0.16, 1.34)
 N2 3 (5.6%) 1 (3.0%) 1.33 (0.15, 12.02)
 N3 4 (7.4%) 0 5.12 (0.19, 139.94)
Length of scar (cm), median (range) 4.8 (2–15.5) 4.1 (2–12) 1.11 (0.95, 1.33) 0.21
Incision location, n (%) 0.03
 LOQ 3 (5.2%) 10 (25.0%) Reference
 UOQ 35 (60.3%) 20 (50.0%) 5.20 (1.49, 22.57)
 UIQ 2 (3.4%) 4 (10.0%) 1.67 (0.21, 12.25)
 LIQ 8 (13.8%) 2 (5.0%) 10.20 (1.79, 79.99)
 Central 10 (17.2%) 4 (10.0%) 7.00 (1.47, 41.08)
Orientation of scar, n (%) 0.48
 Radial 22 (37.9%) 20 (50%) Reference
 Antiradial 29 (50%) 17 (42.5%) 1.54 (0.66, 3.60)
 Circumareolar 7 (12.1%) 3 (7.5%) 1.95 (0.50, 8.96)
*

Odds ratios are reported per 5 unit change for the variables age, BMI, and volume resected to breast radius ratio; per 1 unit change for the variables breast radius, invasive tumor size, number of lymph nodes removed, and length of scar; and per 20 unit change for the total specimen volume.

P-value is for a test of linear trend in the case of ordinal variables (e.g., BMI category, bra cup size, stage).

**

Including only those with invasive cancer (T1–T3).