Table 2.
Baseline patient and surgical characteristics by outcome with univariate odds ratios and tests of association in the subgroup with axillary surgery (n = 98).
| BLE n=58 | No BLE n=40 | Odds ratio* (95% CI) | p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (range) | 61.2 (44–83) | 61.3 (43–85) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.20) | 0.97 |
| BMI, mean (range) | 30.9 (21–48) | 28.0 (20–42) | 1.56 (1.08, 2.36) | 0.02 |
| BMI category, n (%) | 0.049 | |||
| <25 | 10 (17.2%) | 11 (27.5%) | Reference | |
| 25–29 | 19 (32.8%) | 17 (42.5%) | 1.22 (0.42, 3.55) | |
| 30–34 | 15 (25.9%) | 7 (17.5%) | 2.26 (0.69, 7.86) | |
| ≥35 | 14 (24.1%) | 5 (12.5%) | 2.89 (0.82, 11.13) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 0.26 | |||
| Yes | 5 (8.6%) | 1 (2.5%) | 2.71 (0.51, 27.16) | |
| Bra cup size, n (%) | 0.04 | |||
| A | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (2.5%) | Reference | |
| B | 15 (25.9%) | 15 (37.5%) | 0.60 (0.05, 5.05) | |
| C | 24 (41.4%) | 19 (47.5%) | 0.75 (0.07, 6.15) | |
| D | 10 (17.2%) | 5 (12.5%) | 1.15 (0.09, 11.05) | |
| >D | 7 (12.1%) | 0 | 9.00 (0.36, 1509) | |
| Breast radius (cm), mean (range) | 8.4 (3.5–14) | 7.6 (5–11.4) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.53) | 0.049 |
| Dominant hand, n (%) | 0.88 | |||
| Affected side | 31 (53.4%) | 22 (55.0%) | 0.94 (0.42, 2.10) | |
| Recent biopsy type, n (%) | 0.04 | |||
| Needle only | 52 (89.7%) | 40 (100%) | Reference | |
| Surgical | 6 (10.3%) | 0 | 10.02 (1.13, 1322) | |
| Tumor size** (cm), median (range) | 1.3 (0.1–4.3) | 1.4 (0.4–3.5) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.48) | 0.54 |
| Tumor stage, n (%) | 0.45 | |||
| Tis | 4 (6.9%) | 7 (17.5%) | Reference | |
| T1 | 46 (79.3%) | 26 (65.0%) | 2.92 (0.85, 11.20) | |
| T2 | 7 (12.1%) | 7 (17.5%) | 1.67 (0.36, 8.27) | |
| T3 | 1 (1.7%) | 0 | N/A | |
| Volume resected (cm3), median (range) | 49.5 (2.1–259.9) | 45.4 (8.8–217.9) | 1.08 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.26 |
| (Volume resected)/(breast radius) ratio, median (range) | 6.2 (0.2–59.9) | 6.3 (1.2–26.6) | 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) | 0.43 |
| Axillary Operation, n (%) | 0.38 | |||
| SLNB | 45 (77.6%) | 34 (85.0%) | Reference | |
| ALND | 13 (22.4%) | 6 (15.0%) | 1.58 (0.58, 4.69) | |
| Number of nodes removed, median (range) | 3 (1–20) | 3 (1–38) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.52 |
| Any positive nodes**, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 15 (25.9%) | 11 (27.5%) | 0.77 (0.31, 1.95) | 0.84 |
| Node stage**, n (%) | 0.54 | |||
| N0 | 39 (72.2%) | 22 (66.7%) | Reference | |
| N1 | 8 (14.8%) | 10 (30.3%) | 0.46 (0.16, 1.34) | |
| N2 | 3 (5.6%) | 1 (3.0%) | 1.33 (0.15, 12.02) | |
| N3 | 4 (7.4%) | 0 | 5.12 (0.19, 139.94) | |
| Length of scar (cm), median (range) | 4.8 (2–15.5) | 4.1 (2–12) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.33) | 0.21 |
| Incision location, n (%) | 0.03 | |||
| LOQ | 3 (5.2%) | 10 (25.0%) | Reference | |
| UOQ | 35 (60.3%) | 20 (50.0%) | 5.20 (1.49, 22.57) | |
| UIQ | 2 (3.4%) | 4 (10.0%) | 1.67 (0.21, 12.25) | |
| LIQ | 8 (13.8%) | 2 (5.0%) | 10.20 (1.79, 79.99) | |
| Central | 10 (17.2%) | 4 (10.0%) | 7.00 (1.47, 41.08) | |
| Orientation of scar, n (%) | 0.48 | |||
| Radial | 22 (37.9%) | 20 (50%) | Reference | |
| Antiradial | 29 (50%) | 17 (42.5%) | 1.54 (0.66, 3.60) | |
| Circumareolar | 7 (12.1%) | 3 (7.5%) | 1.95 (0.50, 8.96) |
*
Odds ratios are reported per 5 unit change for the variables age, BMI, and volume resected to breast radius ratio; per 1 unit change for the variables breast radius, invasive tumor size, number of lymph nodes removed, and length of scar; and per 20 unit change for the total specimen volume.
†
P-value is for a test of linear trend in the case of ordinal variables (e.g., BMI category, bra cup size, stage).
**
Including only those with invasive cancer (T1–T3).