Table 1.

Patient and fracture characteristics

Characteristic	Number	Percent
Overall	4412	100
Age (years)
18–39	1293	29
40–59	1636	37
≥ 60	1476	34
Male sex	1783	40
BMI (kg/m2)
< 25	927	21
25–30	1531	35
30–35	1023	23
≥ 35	909	21
ASA classification ≥ 3	1253	28
History of diabetes
Insulin-dependent	244	6
Noninsulin-dependent	324	7
None	3844	87
History of smoking	1090	25
History of pulmonary disease	297	7
History of heart disease	189	4.3
History of hypertension	1570	36
Steroid use	87	2
Dependent functional status	386	9
Fracture type
Medial malleolus	235	5
Lateral malleolus	1143	26
Bimalleolar	1705	39
Trimalleolar	1329	30

BMI = body mass index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists.