Chemical structures of aminoglycosides considered in this study: neamine (a), 4,5-2-DOS (b), 4,6-2-DOS kanamycin aminoglycosides (c), and 4,6-2-DOS gentamicin aminoglycosides (d). Ring I is red, ring II (2-DOS) yellow, furanose ring III violet, pyranose ring III green, ring IV blue, and ring V dark blue. The numbering style of carbon atoms is shown for 4,5-2-DOS aminoglycosides. To see this figure in color, go online.