Figure 1.

Phylogenetic tree of the human intestinal microbiota with indicated microbial groups that are significantly altered in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients relative to controls. The increase and decrease in microbial groups in IBS patients are marked by arrows facing up and down, respectively, and in bold if reproduced by at least two independent studies. If microbial groups are altered only in diarrhea or constipation predominant IBS patients, letter D or C in superscript follows the arrows, respectively. The figure is generated on the basis of the data published in (8, 9, 10, 11, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 85, 98, 116).