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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Feb 3.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2015 Feb 3;131(5):503–512. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.001382

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of Pharmacogenomic Effect. Several types of genetic variation may lead to alterations in gene products. Pharmacogenes include those coding for a variety of cellular functions, and may alter drug response via pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion) or pharmacodynamic (direct drug effect) pathways.