Table 2.
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; poppers: Amyl Nitrites; uppers: Stimulants, Including Methamphetamines.
| Recreational Drug Use Characteristic | Drug Use % | Airflow Obstruction OR (95% CI) | Moderate Diffusion Impairment OR (95% CI) | Radiographic Emphysema OR (95% CI) | Drug Use % | Airflow Obstruction OR (95% CI) | Moderate Diffusion Impairment | Radiographic Emphysema |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage of total visits reporting recent drug use c | 56 | 1.41 (1.00–1.98) | 1.04 (0.77–1.40) | 1.07 (0.85–1.36) | 31 | 1.19 (0.78–1.82) | 1.17 (0.88–1.55) | 1.07 (0.72–1.59) |
| Since last visit | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| Any drug | 59 (48.8) | 1.91 (0.65–5.62) | 1.41 (0.49–4.08) | 1.53 (0.66–3.53) | 25 (39.7) | 2.22 (0.45–10.9 | 2.27 (0.79–6.49) | 0.91 (0.22–3.78) |
| Any intravenous drug | 1 (0.8) | § | § | § | 6 (9.5) | 1.70 (0.17–17.1) | 4.0 (0.67–23.8) | 0.89 (0.09–8.65) |
| Marijuana | 36 (29.8) | 2.75 (0.94–8.03) | 2.04 (0.70–5.98) | 0.79 (0.30–2.06) | 16 (25.4) | 2.48 (0.49–12.5) | 1.06 (0.33–3.43) | 0.70 (0.15–3.22) |
| Crack | 8 (6.7) | § | 0.92 (0.11–8.05) | 2.95 (0.47–18.6) | 9 (14.3) | 1.00 (0.11–9.44) | 20.8 (2.4–180.8) | 1.52 (0.17–13.9) |
| Cocaine | 13 (10.8) | 1.21 (0.24–6.03) | 0.51 (0.06–4.22 | 2.54 (0.64–10.2) | 1 (1.6) | § | § | § |
| Heroin | 1 (0.8) | § | § | § | 6 (9.5) | 1.70 (0.17–17.1) | 4.0 (0.67–23.8) | 0.89 (0.09–8.65) |
| “Poppers” | 25 (20.7) | 1.33 (0.39–4.56) | 0.87 (0.23–3.33) | 1.41 (0.53–3.75) | — | — | — | — |
| “Uppers” | 6 (5.0) | § | 1.32 (0.14–12.1) | 0.92 (0.16–5.31) | — | — | — | — |
| Methamphetamine | — | — | — | — | 2 (3.2) | § | § | § |
| Any lifetime use | n (%) | n (%) | ||||||
| Any intravenous drug | 18 (14.9) | 2.37 (0.65–8.62) | 1.04 (0.21–5.19) | 1.25 (0.41–3.84) | 34 (54.0) | 1.16 (0.24–5.65) | 2.79 (0.94–8.27) | 0.54 (0.12–2.41) |
| Marijuana | 98 (81.7) | § | 1.67(0.35–7.93) | 0.80 (0.28–2.30) | 52 (82.5) | 0.48(0.08–2.86) | 0.41 (0.11–1.52) | § |
| Crack | 38 (60.3) | 2.16 (0.40–11.6) | 1.96 (0.47–8.22) | 0.70 (0.23–2.13) | — | — | — | — |
| Cocaine | 76 (62.8) | 1.61 (0.48–5.40) | 2.44 (0.65–9.18) | 1.52 (0.62–3.72) | — | — | — | — |
| Crack, cocaine or heroin | — | — | — | — | 51 (80.9) | 0.26 (0.05–1.34) | 1.94 (0.47–8.03) | 0.50 (0.06–4.47) |
| “Poppers” | 86 (71.1) | 1.90 (0.51–7.13) | 0.47 (0.16–1.37) | 1.63 (0.61–4.38) | — | — | — | — |
| “Uppers” | 47 (38.8) | 1.38 (0.46–4.10) | 1.01 (0.33–3.05) | 0.80 (0.34–1.89) | — | — | — | — |
| Methamphetamine | — | — | — | — | 4 (6.4) | § | 0.56 (0.06–5.73) | § |
: Airflow obstruction defined as a pre- or post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70; moderate diffusion impairment defined as diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) <60% predicted; radiographic emphysema defined as >1% of lung voxels < −950 Hounsfield units.
: Survey questions differ between MACS and WIHS. Unavailable data represented with “–”.
: Odds ratio represents the increase in odds of the primary outcome for each 20% increase in the percentage of total study visits reporting recent drug use.
No observations available for analysis