Examination of general body parameters: (a) daily food, (b) water intake, and (c) weight gain in rats. Paired housing: Pair housed rats include; CON: Sprague–Dawley rat placed inside a novel cage and not subjected to social defeat, SD: Sprague–Dawley rat subjected to social defeat, TW-CON: Sprague–Dawley rat placed within the enclosure surrounding the novel cage and not subjected to witnessing social defeat, TW: Sprague–Dawley rat who witnessed social defeat. Single housing: Single housed rats otherwise same as pair housed condition. (*) significantly different p<0.05. Bars represent means±s.e.m, n=10 rats/group.