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Schematic of the RuO2-initiated aniline polymerization based biosensor for miRNA detection. PNA probes are assembled on an electrode and target miRNAs tagged with RuO2 nanoparticles are allowed to hybridize with PNA probes; an aniline/H2O2 mixture then is added. Catalytic activity of RuO2 nanoparticles facilitates polymerization of aniline, which causes deposition of polyaniline (Pan) on the miRNA template and the signal is monitored.
