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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 5.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2014;127:229–249. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394625-6.00009-X

Figure 9.1.

Figure 9.1

Pathophysiological interactions between adiposity and maladaptive changes in the heart and kidney in CRS. The interactions among the environmental, behavioral, hormonal, and genes help to modify an individual’s body weight, and further show the effects of the resultant dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation on the structure and function of different organ systems. Abbreviations: RAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; NO, nitric oxide; NOO−, peroxynitrite; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; TPA, tissue plasminogen activator.