TABLE 1.
Distribution of characteristics of the eligible sample (i.e. participants who attended the 17-year clinic and had at least one ultrasound scan measure)
| Characteristic | N | Distribution mean (SD) for continuous variables or % for categorical variables |
| Male, % (N) | 1904 | 41.5 (791) |
| Age (years) | 1904 | 17.9 (0.4) |
| Manual social class, % (N) | 1616 | 12.9 (209) |
| Postpuberty, % (N) | 1059 | 82.7 (877) |
| Fat mass (kg), median (IQR) | 1827 | 17.0 (11.4–24.0) |
| Truncal fat (g) median (IQR) | 1819 | 8.4 (5.6–12.1) |
| BMI categories, % (N) | 1847 | |
| Underweight | 8.0 (147) | |
| Normal | 68.0 (1255) | |
| Overweight | 17.0 (313) | |
| Obese | 7.0 (132) | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 1847 | 170.7 (9.4) |
| Smoker, % (N) | 1188 | 10.3 (122) |
| Alcohol intake (AUDIT score), % (N) | 1704 | |
| 0–7 | 61.4 (1047) | |
| 8–15 | 33.2 (566) | |
| 16+ | 5.4 (92) | |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean (SD) | 1510 | 70.8 (10.8) |
| Ultrasound fatty liver, % (N) | 1739 | 2.5 (43) |
| Shear velocity (m/s), median (IQR) | 1742 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
| ALT (U/l), median (IQR) | 1293 | 15.7 (12.5–20.1) |
| AST(U/l), median (IQR) | 1293 | 19.8 (17.0–23.4) |
| GGT (U/l), median (IQR) | 1292 | 16.0 (13.0–21.0) |
| Central SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 96.0 (9.1) |
| Peripheral SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 115.8 (11.6) |
| High peripheral SBP (≥120 mmHg), % (N)a | 1512 | 7.6 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 63.5 (7.4) |
| High DBP (≥80 mmHg), % (N)a | 1512 | 0.8 |
| MAP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 79.7 (8.0) |
| Central pulse pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 31.2 (6.6) |
| Peripheral pulse pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | 1512 | 52.4 (10.4) |
| Augmentation index at heart rate 75 bpm (%), mean (SD) | 1486 | −1.5 (11.4) |
| Augmentation index at heart rate 75 bpm with values greater than 0 (%), mean (SD) | 639 | 9.0 (6.6) |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; bpm, beats per minute; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase: IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation: MAP, mean arterial pressur.
aBased on The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation and treatment of high Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents [35].