TABLE 3.
Multivariable associations [mean difference (95% confidence intervals)] of shear velocity and blood-based markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with central and peripheral blood pressure measures (N = 1904)
| Mean difference (95% confidence intervals) | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Central SBP (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/sec) | 0.48 (0.06 to 0.90) | 0.43 (0.01 to 0.85) | −0.16 (−0.58 to 0.27) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.90 (0.45 to 1.35) | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.29) | 0.27 (−0.19 to 0.73) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.34 (−0.15 to 0.84) | 0.34 (−0.16 to 0.85) | 0.12 (−0.38 to 0.61) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 1.66 (1.08 to 2.25) | 1.59 (1.00 to 2.18) | 0.96 (0.34 to 1.59) |
| Peripheral SBP (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | 0.63 (0.12 to 1.14) | 0.59 (0.08 to 1.09) | −0.09 (−0.62 to 0.43) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 1.22 (0.68 to 1.76) | 1.18 (0.64 to 1.73) | 0.54 (−0.03 to 1.11) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.51 (−0.11 to 1.13) | 0.52 (−0.10 to 1.14) | 0.26 (−0.35 to 0.86) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 1.99 (1.30 to 2.68) | 1.96 (1.26 to 2.65) | 1.24 (0.50 to 1.99) |
| DBP (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | 0.25 (−0.11 to 0.60) | 0.22 (−0.14 to 0.58) | −0.22 (−0.58 to 0.14) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.61 (0.22 to 1.00) | 0.57 (0.18 to 0.97) | 0.15 (−0.26 to 0.56) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.06 (−0.40 to 0.51) | 0.06 (−0.40 to 0.51) | −0.11 (−0.56 to 0.34) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 1.05 (0.55 to 1.55) | 1.02 (0.51 to 1.52) | 0.54 (0.00 to 1.07) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | 0.20 (−0.19 to 0.59) | 0.16 (−0.23 to 0.55) | −0.37 (−0.76 to 0.02) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.75 (0.34 to 1.17) | 0.70 (0.29 to 1.12) | 0.20 (−0.22 to 0.63) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.19 (−0.29 to 0.67) | 0.20 (−0.28 to 0.68) | 0.01 (−0.48 to 0.47) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 1.32 (0.79 to 1.85) | 1.26 (0.72 to 1.80) | 0.69 (0.13 to 1.25) |
| Central pulse pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | 0.27 (−0.03 to 0.57) | 0.25 (−0.05 to 0.55) | 0.10 (−0.22 to 0.41) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.33 (0.00 to 0.65) | 0.31 (−0.01 to 0.62) | 0.16 (−0.19 to 0.51) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.29 (−0.08 to 0.67) | 0.30 (−0.08 to 0.68) | 0.24 (−0.14 to 0.62) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 0.62 (0.20 to 1.04) | 0.58 (0.15 to 1.01) | 0.43 (−0.04 to 0.90) |
| Peripheral pulse pressure (mmHg) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | 0.38 (−0.07 to 0.84) | 0.37 (−0.09 to 0.82) | 0.12 (−0.34 to 0.61) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.61 (0.12 to 1.10) | 0.61 (0.11 to 1.10) | 0.39 (−0.14 to 0.92) |
| AST per 10 U/l | 0.45 (−0.10 to 1.00) | 0.46 (−0.10 to 1.02) | 0.37 (−0.19 to 0.93) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 0.94 (0.32 to 1.56) | 0.94 (0.31 to 1.58) | 0.71 (0.01 to 1.40) |
| Augmentation index at heart rate 75 bpm (%) | |||
| Shear velocity per SD (m/s) | −0.52 (−1.08 to 0.04) | −0.57 (−1.13 to −0.02) | −0.73 (−1.31 to −0.15) |
| ALT per 10 U/l | 0.24 (−0.42 to 0.90) | 0.17 (−0.49 to 0.82) | 0.05 (−0.65 to 0.75) |
| AST per 10 U/l | −0.09 (−0.82 to 0.63) | −0.10 (−0.82 to 0.62) | −0.16 (−0.89 to 0.56) |
| GGT per 10 U/l | 0.88 (0.00 to 1.76) | 0.75 (−0.15 to 1.64) | 0.64 (−0.31 to 1.60) |
Model 1 (basic model): adjusted for age at time of assessment and sex. Model 2 (confounder-adjusted model): as model 1 and additionally adjusted for social class, puberty and alcohol intake. Model 3 (adiposity-adjusted model): as model 2 and additionally adjusted for fat mass, height and height squared. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase.