Table 1.
Summary of collected items for included studies.
| Authors | Decision support target | Contextual information | Decision support methods/delivery | User interface considerations | Decision maker/diseases | Evaluation |
| Abidi [72] | Pathways (merging clinical practice guidelines for different diseases into 1 personalized guideline) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system (ontology) & international standards/— | — | —/— | — |
| Abidi et al [73] | Diagnosis & pathways (alignment of care pathways in a patient-specific comorbid combination) & patient education | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system (ontology based)/desktop application | Interactivity & summarization | Generalist doctor/chronic cardiovascular diseases | Controlled comparison-expert panel (revision by 2 generalist doctors and 1 specialist doctor) |
| Bindoff et al [74] | Medication (review) | Patient clinical notes & medications & laboratory results | Knowledge-based system (rule based)/ — | — | Pharmacists/— | Controlled comparison-human vs system comparison (system identified more problems) |
| Dassen et al [75] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & medications & clinical practice guidelines & comorbidities & laboratory results | Knowledge-based system (ontology based) & international standards/desktop application | Interactivity & workflow graphs | Specialist doctor/cardiovascular diseases | — |
| de Wit et al [76] | Medication (review) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge & laboratory results | Knowledge-based system (rule based)/— | — | Nurses/other (home care for the elderly) | No evaluation |
| Duke et al [77] | Medication (review) | Medications & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system & data visualization techniques & natural language processing/Web platform | Interactivity & summarization | Specialist doctor & generalist doctor/— | Controlled comparison-new vs old system (same accuracy but decreasing in time of 60%) |
| Farkas et al [78] | Diagnosis (comorbidities) | Patient clinical notes | Natural language processing/— | — | —/obesity | Controlled comparison-simulations (Fβ=1 score of 97% for classification based on textual evidence and 96% for intuitive judgments; Fβ=1 score of 76% for classification based on textual evidence and 67% for intuitive judgments) |
| Georg et al [79] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system (rule based)/— | — | Generalist doctor/cardiovascular diseases | — |
| Grando et al [80] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system (ontology based)/— | — | Generalist doctor/chronic respiratory diseases & diabetes & cardiovascular diseases & chronic musculoskeletal diseases & others | — |
| Jafarpour et al [81] | Pathways (merging clinical practice guidelines for different diseases into 1 personalized guideline) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system (ontology based)/— | — | Generalist doctor/cardiovascular diseases | No evaluation |
| Martínez-García et al [82] | Care continuity & pathways | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge | International standards & social network techniques/Web application (linked to electronic health record) | — | Nurse, generalist doctor, specialist doctor/— | Controlled comparison-survey (positively judged) |
| Michel et al [83] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge & medications & laboratory results & comorbidities | Knowledge-based system & data visualization techniques & international standards/desktop application (linked to electronic health record) | Summarization | Generalist doctor/chronic pain (opioid treated) | — |
| Naureckas et al [84] | Diagnosis & pathways | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system & data visualization techniques/desktop application (linked to electronic health record) | User-centered design | Generalist doctor/child obesity and related diseases (eg, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease) | Impact evaluation-service performance metrics & survey |
| Riaño et al [85] | Diagnosis & medication (prescription) & pathways (developing a personalized treatment) & prevention | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system (ontology based) & international standards/desktop application (linked to electronic health record) | — | Generalist doctor/home care in long-term conditions (eg, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, chronic kidney disease, neurological conditions, mental health disorders, chronic musculoskeletal diseases) | Controlled comparison-survey (positively judged) |
| Riaño et al [86] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system (rule based)/— | — | Generalist doctor/cardiovascular diseases & diabetes | Controlled comparison-expert panel (results validated by a generalist doctor) |
| Suojanen et al [87] | Diagnosis | Patient clinical notes & clinician knowledge | Machine learning/— | — | Specialist doctor/chronic neurological diseases | Controlled comparison-simulation (out of 30 cases: false positive rate=19%; false negative rate=23%) |
| Vallverdú et al [88] | Medication (prescription) | Patient clinical notes & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system (rule based)/desktop application | — | Generalist doctor/cardiovascular diseases & diabetes | Controlled comparison-expert panel (agreement with output from the system 100%-20/20) |
| Wicht et al [89] | Diagnosis (comorbidities) | Patient clinical notes & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system + data visualization techniques/Web platform | Interactivity | Specialist doctor/other (cancer) | Controlled comparison-expert panel (agreement with output from the system 84%-26/31) |
| Wilk et al [90] | Pathways (merging clinical practice guidelines for different diseases into 1 personalized guideline) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines & clinician knowledge | Knowledge-based system (rule-based constraint logic programming)/— | Workflow graphs | Generalist doctor/other (duodenal ulcer, transient ischemic attack) | — |
| Wilk et al [91] | Pathways (alerting physicians about possible adverse interactions between 2 concurrent clinical practice guidelines) | Patient clinical notes & clinical practice guidelines | Knowledge-based system (rule-based constraint logic programming [92])/— | — | Specialist doctor & generalist doctor/chronic neurological & gastrointestinal diseases | — |