Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of probands and asymptomatic 1st degree relatives by PARKIN genotype
| PD probands | Asymptomatic relatives | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Non-carriers n=55 |
1 PARKIN mutation n=23 |
2 PARKIN mutations n=26 |
p-value# | Non-carriers n=171 |
1 PARKIN mutation n=80 |
2 PARKIN mutations n=6 |
p-value# |
| Age | 54.1 (8.2) | 49.2 (9.9) | 51.6 (11.5) | 0.11 | 47.6 (17.2) | 48.8 (18.8) | 32.7 (11.1) | 0.10 |
| Female sex (%) | 42 | 35 | 42 | 0.83 | 59.6 | 58.2 | 66.7 | 0.91 |
| Test language Spanish (%) | 9 | 14 | 21 | 0.40 | 9.8 | 13.5 | 20 | 0.54 |
| Education (years) | 15.2 (3.0)a | 15.7 (2.7)a | 13.5 (3.4)b | 0.02 | 14.4 (2.9) | 14.5 (3.0) | 13.8 (2.0) | 0.88 |
| Disease duration (years) | 11.8 (6.1)a | 13.7 (7.2)a | 21.4 (11.0)b | <0.01 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| UPDRS III score | 21.3 (8.4) | 21.7 (7.3) | 20.3 (7.4) | 0.81 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Levodopa daily dose (mg) | 494 (367) | 491 (411) | 471 (421) | 0.97 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Dopamine agonist daily dose (mg)* | 9.2 (13.5) | 5.7 (8.5) | 5.7 (9.8) | 0.34 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Taking anti-depressant (%) | 25.5 | 18.2 | 7.7 | 0.17 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 16.7 | 0.16 |
| BDI-II score | 11.6 (8.9) | 8.7 (8.1) | 8.3 (6.7) | 0.17 | 5.1 (5.9) | 3.7 (4.7)a | 9.8 (7.7)b | 0.02 |
| Depressed (BDI>= 15) (%) | 31.5 | 21.7 | 29.2 | 0.69 | 8.4 | 5.0a | 33.3b | 0.04 |
| MMSE score | 29.0 (1.3) | 29.2 (1.0) | 28.9 (1.6) | 0.69 | 29.2 (2.2) | 29 (2.3) | 30 (0.0) | 0.55 |
| Mild cognitive impairment (%) | 41 | 59 | 58 | 0.21 | 31.4 | 32.2 | 33.3 | 0.99 |
| SCOPI total (sum 5 items) | 56.4 (28.0) | 43.3 (26.3) | 40.9 (29.8) | 0.04 | 45.5 (27.6)a | 54.4 (26.3)b | 69.2 (28.4) | 0.01 |
| SCOPI OCD (sum 1st 3 items) | 45.1 (22.1)a | 34.8 (21.6) | 31.8 (24.3)b | 0.03 | 36.9 (22.7)a | 44.2 (21.6)b | 59.3 (27.8)b | 0.01 |
| Obsessive Checking | 18.8 (11.9)a | 11.7 (10.2)b | 11.2 (10.8)b | 0.01 | 13.4 (10.6)a | 16.2 (11.4)a | 23.7 (9.5) b | 0.02 |
| Obsessive Cleanliness | 16.9 (7.5) | 14.6 (7.6) | 15.4 (9.5) | 0.45 | 15.6 (8.5) | 18.2 (7.6) | 21.3 (11.1) | 0.03 |
| Compulsive Rituals | 9.3 (7.6)a | 8.6 (6.3) | 5.2 (5.7)b | 0.05 | 7.9 (7.1) | 9.8 (6.7) | 14.3 (9.2) | 0.02 |
| Hoarding | 7.3 (5.1) | 5.0 (4.4) | 5.9 (5.4) | 0.15 | 6.3 (5.2) | 7.1 (4.6) | 6.0 (4.1) | 0.44 |
| Pathological Impulses | 4.0 (4.7) | 3.5 (3.6) | 3.2 (4.5) | 0.72 | 2.3 (3.2) | 3.1 (3.6) | 3.8 (5.0) | 0.15 |
Note. UPDRS = United Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory. MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination. SCOPI-OCD = Schedule of Compulsions, Obsessions and Pathological Impulses – Obsessive-Compulsive subscales. Values are means and standard deviations (in parentheses) unless otherwise indicated.
P-values represent the 3-way comparison using analysis of variance (ANOVA) except for sex, testing language, proportion taking anti-depressant, proportion depressed and proportion with mild cognitive impairment, which were calculated with Fisher’s exact. Values with different superscript letters differ significantly on post-hoc testing for p<0.05.
Dopamine agonist dose calculated in ropinirole equivalents27