Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Variables | All | Obstructive CAD | Non-obstructive CAD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 338 | n = 203 (60.0%) | n = 135 (40.0%) | ||
| Age, in years* | 62.0 (55.7–68.4) | 63.1 (56.2–69.4) | 61.0 (54.5–67.3) | 0.03 |
| Male* | 228 (67) | 162 (80) | 66 (49) | <0.0001 |
| Asian | 110 (33) | 75 (37) | 35 (26) | 0.05 |
| African-American | 38 (11) | 18 (9) | 20 (15) | |
| Caucasian | 190 (56) | 109 (54) | 80 (59) | |
| BMI*, kg/m2 | 26.6 (24.1–30.2) | 26.2 (24.0–29.3) | 27.3 (24.2–31.6) | 0.03 |
| Waist circumference | 91.0 (83.5–100.0) | 90.5 (83.5–99.0) | 91.0 (83.5–101.0) | 0.30 |
| Hypertension* | 264 (79) | 167 (83) | 97 (72) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 119 (35) | 78 (38) | 41 (30) | 0.13 |
| Dyslipidaemia* | 220 (67) | 147 (74) | 73 (55) | 0.0005 |
| Previous MI* | 84 (26) | 73 (36) | 19 (14) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 56 (17) | 30 (16) | 26 (20) | 0.05 |
| Past | 116 (36) | 79 (41) | 37 (28) | |
| Never | 150 (47) | 82 (43) | 68 (52) | |
| Family history of CAD | 147 (46) | 91 (48) | 56 (43) | 0.36 |
| Calcium score, Agatston score | 154 (11–502) | 342 (112–800) | 11 (0–118) | <0.0001 |
| LVIDd, mm | 49.8 (46.2–53.8) | 49.8 (46.2–54.3) | 49.9 (46.1–53.6) | 0.87 |
| PWTd*, mm | 9.2 (8.1–10.2) | 9.4 (8.3–10.5) | 8.9 (8.0–9.7) | 0.009 |
| LVEDV, mL | 105 (90–123) | 107 (90–126) | 104 (92–122) | 0.39 |
| LVM*, g | 148 (128–174) | 152 (130–181) | 145 (123–161) | 0.008 |
| LVMi (height2.7), g/m2.7 | 36.7 (32.7–43.2) | 37.8 (33.0–44.7) | 36.0 (32.0–40.5) | 0.07 |
| LVM/LVEDV ratio | 1.36 (1.18–1.62) | 1.39 (1.21–1.66) | 1.32 (1.15–1.56) | 0.11 |
| RWT* | 0.36 (0.32–0.42) | 0.37 (0.33–0.43) | 0.35 (0.32–0.40) | 0.04 |
| Concentric hypertrophy | 8 (2) | 6 (3) | 2 (1) | 0.09 |
| Eccentric hypertrophy | 23 (7) | 14 (7) | 9 (7) | |
| Concentric remodelling | 68 (20) | 49 (24) | 19 (14) | |
| Normal geometry | 239 (71) | 134 (66) | 105 (78) | |
| PAV*, % | 54.1 (49.6–59.0) | 57.3 (54.1–60.9) | 49.5 (46.4–52.7) | <0.0001 |
| NormTAV*, mm3 | 2845 (2414–3178) | 2996 (2681–3354) | 2476 (2210–2914) | <0.0001 |
| SPECT: SRS ≥1* | 122 (36) | 93 (46) | 29 (21) | <0.0001 |
| SPECT: SSS ≥1* | 172 (51) | 124 (61) | 48 (36) | <0.0001 |
| SPECT: SDS ≥1* | 136 (40) | 99 (49) | 37 (27) | 0.0001 |
Values are median (IQR) or n (%). Waist circumference data missing for 127 (63%) subjects with obstructive CAD and 79 (59%) subjects with non-obstructive CAD. P-values from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (continuous variables) or Fisher's exact test (categorical variables).
BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMi, left ventricular mass index; PWTd, posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; RWT, relative wall thickness; SRS, summed rest score; SSS, summed stress score; SDS, summed difference score; PAV, percent atheroma volume; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; NormTAV, normalized total atheroma volume; IQR, interquartile range.
*P < 0.05 for difference between the obstructive CAD and non-obstructive CAD groups by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (continuous measures) or Fisher's exact test (categorical measures).