Table 3.

Causes of hypertension in a tertiary pediatric hypertension clinic by age

Causes	Infancy, <1 y, no. (%)	Preschool, 1–5 y, no. (%)	Preteen, 6–12 y, no. (%)	Teen 13–19 y, no. (%)
No. of patients	23	41	99	112
Essential	0 (0)	8 (20)	56 (57)	55 (49)
Secondary	23 (100)	33 (80)	43 (43)	57 (51)
Autoimmune	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (5)	1 (2)
Cardiac	0 (0)	3 (9)	1 (2)	0 (0)
Endocrine	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (9)	5 (9)
Gastrointestinal	2 (9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Hematological	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (2)	0 (0)
Medications	2 (9)	3 (9)	4 (9)	12 (21)
Neurological	2 (9)	3 (9)	7 (16)	7 (12)
Renal	3 (13)	11 (34)	17 (39)	22 (39)
Respiratory	14 (60)	12 (36)	4 (9)	2 (3)
Sleep disordered breathing	0 (0)	1 (3)	3 (12)	8 (14)