FIGURE 5.

Neutrophils migrate and generate forces in the absence of integrin-engaged adhesions. Bar plots present the average cell speed (A) and in-plane (B) and out-of-plane forces (C) on soft (left) and stiff (right) substrates in two-dimensional and 2.5D systems. All of the data are presented for untreated and treated (anti-β₁β₂ (10 μg/ml each)) neutrophils on fibronectin and untreated neutrophils on PEG-coated substrates. All quantitative data are represented by their medians and S.E. (error bars). Statistical significance is shown against the untreated cells in 2.5D (*, p < 0.01 versus 2.5D, untreated, Kruskal-Wallis test; n > 100).