Table 2.

Main effects of text modality on information recall and attitudes toward the message in people with low and high health literacy.^a

Group		n	Information recall Scale range: 0-28		Attitudes toward the message Scale range: 1-7
			mean (SE)	95% CI	mean (SE)	95% CI
All participants
	Written text	126	11.97b(0.46)	11.06-12.89	5.79c(0.09)	5.62-5.96
	Spoken text	105	13.60 (0.52)	12.58-14.61	6.15 (0.10)	5.97-6.35
Low health literacy
	Written text	64	9.12d(0.66)	7.83-10.41	5.75e(0.12)	5.51-5.99
	Spoken text	44	11.42 (0.79)	9.87-12.98	6.20 (0.15)	5.91-6.49
High health literacy
	Written text	62	14.83 (0.66)	13.51-16.14	5.83 (0.12)	5.59-6.07
	Spoken text	61	15.77 (0.67)	14.45-17.09	6.11 (0.13)	5.86-6.35

^aHigher scores indicate more recall and positive attitudes.

^bDiffers significantly from spoken text in all participants (P=.02).

^cDiffers significantly from spoken text in all participants (P=.01).

^dDiffers significantly from spoken text in low health literacy group (P=.03).

^eDiffers significantly from spoken text in low health literacy group (P=.02).