Table 1.
Predictor variables (data layers) in the study
| Variable | Description | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Remotely sensed variables | ||
| Evi max | Maximum EVI | EVI = 2.5 × (NIR-RED)/(NIR + 6.0 × RED–7.5 × BLUE + 1.0) |
| Evi mean | Mean EVI | |
| Evi min | Minimum EVI | |
| lst max | Maximum LST (°C) | |
| lst mean | Mean LST (°C) | split-window method |
| lst min | Minimum LST (°C) | |
| Mir max | Maximum MIR | |
| Mir mean | Mean MIR | MODIS band 7 |
| Mir min | Minimum MIR | |
| Prec max | Maximum precipitation (mm) | |
| Prec mean | Mean precipitation (mm) | |
| Prec min | Minimum precipitation (mm) | |
| Alt | Altitude (m) | |
| Climatic variables | ||
| Bio 1 | Annual mean temperature (°C) | |
| Bio 2 | Mean diurnal range(°C) | max temp - min temp |
| Bio 3 | Isothermality | (bio2 / bio7) × 100 |
| Bio 4 | Temperature seasonality | (std. dev. / mean) × 100 |
| Bio 5 | Max temperature of warmest month (°C) | |
| Bio 6 | Min temperature of coldest month (°C) | |
| Bio 7 | Temperature annual range (°C) | bio5 - bio6 |
| Bio 8 | Mean temperature of wettest quarter (°C) | |
| Bio 9 | Mean temperature of driest quarter (°C) | |
| Bio 10 | Mean temperature of warmest quarter (°C) | |
| Bio 11 | Mean temperature of coldest quarter (°C) | |
| Bio 12 | Annual precipitation (mm) | |
| Bio 13 | Precipitation of wettest month (mm) | |
| Bio 14 | Precipitation of driest month (mm) | |
| Bio 15 | Precipitation seasonality | (std. dev. / mean) × 100 |
| Bio 16 | Precipitation of wettest quarter (mm) | |
| Bio 17 | Precipitation of driest quarter (mm) | |
| Bio 18 | Precipitation of warmest quarter (mm) | |
| Bio 19 | Precipitation of coldest quarter (mm) | |
| Socioeconomic variables | ||
| Access | Travel time to the nearest major settlement of population size 50,000 or more (minutes) | |
| Pop | Population density (person/km2) in 2000 | |
| Cattle05 | Cattle density (heads/km2) in 2005 | |
| Rumi05 | Small ruminants density (heads/km2) in 2005 | |
| Cattle10 | Cattle density (heads/km2) in 2010 | |
| Goat10 | Goats density (heads /km2) in 2010 | |
| Sheep10 | Sheep density (heads/km2) in 2010 | |
MIR: middle infrared radiation; LST: land surface temperature; EVI: enhanced vegetation index; NIR: near infrared reflectance.