Table 2.
Measures of validity of self-report for cervical cancer screening, breast cancer screening, and fecal occult blood testing, using administrative data as the gold standard
| Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | Positive predictive value (%) | Negative predictive value (%) | Kappa statistic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervix group | |||||
| Overall | 96.5 (96.3-96.7) | 49.5 (48.6-50.5) | 82.7 (82.3-83.1) | 84.9 (84.0-85.8) | 0.526 |
| AGE | |||||
| 24-52 years | 96.8 (96.6-97.1) | 46.6 (45.4-47.8) | 84.4 (83.9-84.8) | 83.1 (81.9-84.3) | 0.508 |
| 53-69 years | 95.6 (95.2-96.1) | 54.0 (52.5-55.5) | 78.7 (77.9-79.5) | 87.4 (86.2-88.7) | 0.542 |
| Birthplace | |||||
| Canadian-born | 97.3 (97.1-97.5) | 48.5 (47.5-49.6) | 82.9 (82.4-83.3) | 87.7 (86.7-88.6) | 0.531 |
| Foreign-born | 92.9 (92.2-93.6) | 53.3 (51.3-55.3) | 81.9 (80.9-82.8) | 76.8 (74.8-78.8) | 0.505 |
| Immigrant Status* | |||||
| Immigrated >5 yrs ago | 93.4 (92.7-94.1) | 52.8 (50.7-54.9) | 81.6 (80.6-82.6) | 78.0 (75.9-80.1) | 0.507 |
| Immigrated ≤5 yrs ago | 83.8 (79.4-88.1) | 68.1 (59.6-76.7) | 86.6 (82.5-90.6) | 63.1 (54.6-71.7) | 0.507 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 97.1 (96.9-97.3) | 48.6 (47.6-49.6) | 82.6 (82.2-83.1) | 86.8 (85.9-87.7) | 0.527 |
| Non-white | 90.7 (89.6-91.9) | 57.4 (54.5-60.4) | 83.2 (81.8-84.6) | 72.7 (69.6-75.7) | 0.512 |
| Education Status | |||||
| High school or higher | 96.8 (96.6-97.1) | 47.9 (46.9-49.0) | 83.8 (83.3-84.2) | 84.5 (83.5-85.5) | 0.520 |
| Less than high school | 93.3 (92.4-94.2) | 56.6 (54.5-58.8) | 74.1 (72.6-75.5) | 86.4 (84.6-88.2) | 0.522 |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 97.1 (96.9-97.4) | 47.1 (45.9-48.3) | 84.2 (83.7-84.6) | 85.1 (83.9-86.2) | 0.518 |
| Not employed | 94.8 (94.3-95.3) | 53.5 (52.0-55.0) | 79.1 (78.3-79.9) | 84.7 (83.4-86.1) | 0.528 |
| Mother Tongue | |||||
| English | 97.4 (97.1-97.6) | 48.0 (47.0-49.1) | 82.8 (82.3-83.2) | 87.6 (86.7-88.6) | 0.526 |
| Non-English | 93.4 (92.8-94.0) | 54.3 (52.4-56.1) | 82.3 (81.4-83.2) | 78.3 (76.4-80.2) | 0.522 |
| Household Income | |||||
| More than $30,000 | 97.6 (97.3-97.8) | 45.9 (44.4-47.5) | 85.3 (84.7-85.9) | 85.4 (84.0-86.9) | 0.517 |
| $30,000 or less | 95.6 (95.3-96.0) | 51.1 (49.9-52.3) | 80.5 (79.8-81.1) | 84.8 (83.6-85.9) | 0.522 |
| Self-Perceived Health | |||||
| Excellent | 97.1 (96.8-97.4) | 47.7 (45.7-49.7) | 85.0 (84.2-85.8) | 84.0 (82.1-86.0) | 0.523 |
| Very good | 97.1 (96.8-97.4) | 47.1 (45.5-48.6) | 83.7 (83.0-84.3) | 85.4 (83.9-86.9) | 0.516 |
| Good | 95.5 (95.0-96.0) | 51.4 (49.7-53.2) | 81.3 (80.5-82.2) | 83.9 (82.2-85.5) | 0.525 |
| Fair | 94.9 (93.9-95.9) | 54.3 (51.5-57.1) | 76.8 (75.1-78.5) | 86.9 (84.5-89.3) | 0.529 |
| Poor | 93.8 (91.9-95.6) | 55.5 (50.9-60.1) | 74.3 (71.3-77.4) | 86.6 (82.7-90.5) | 0.518 |
| Breast group | |||||
| Overall | 96.6 (96.3-97.0) | 64.3 (63.1-65.5) | 82.1 (81.4-82.8) | 91.8 (91.0-92.6) | 0.649 |
| Birthplace | |||||
| Canadian-born | 96.8 (96.4-97.2) | 64.9 (63.4-66.3) | 82.5 (81.8-83.3) | 92.1 (91.2-93.1) | 0.657 |
| Foreign-born | 96.1 (95.3-96.9) | 62.7 (60.2-65.1) | 80.7 (79.2-82.1) | 90.9 (89.1-92.7) | 0.625 |
| Immigrant Status* | |||||
| Immigrated >5 yrs ago | 96.2 (95.4-97.0) | 62.7 (60.2-65.3) | 80.9 (79.4-82.3) | 91.0 (89.2-92.8) | 0.628 |
| Immigrated ≤5 yrs ago | 89.5 (75.7-100.0) | 69.6 (50.8-88.4) | 70.8 (52.6-89.0) | 88.9 (74.4-100.0) | 0.578 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 96.7 (96.3-97.1) | 64.3 (63.1-65.6) | 82.3 (81.5-83.0) | 92.0 (91.1-92.8) | 0.651 |
| Non-white | 94.6 (92.7-96.5) | 62.1 (57.0-67.2) | 79.7 (76.6-82.8) | 88.0 (83.9-92.1) | 0.599 |
| Education status | |||||
| More than high school | 96.9 (96.5-97.2) | 63.4 (62.0-64.9) | 83.1 (82.4-83.9) | 91.6 (90.5-92.6) | 0.649 |
| High school or less | 95.8 (94.9-96.6) | 66.4 (64.2-68.7) | 78.6 (77.0-80.1) | 92.4 (90.9-93.9) | 0.642 |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 96.6 (96.0-97.1) | 63.6 (61.8-65.4) | 81.5 (80.5-82.6) | 91.8 (90.5-93.1) | 0.641 |
| Not employed | 96.6 (96.2-97.1) | 64.9 (63.2-66.5) | 82.5 (81.6-83.5) | 91.8 (90.7-92.9) | 0.655 |
| Mother Tongue | |||||
| English | 96.7 (96.3-97.1) | 64.5 (63.1-66.0) | 82.5 (81.8-83.3) | 91.9 (91.0-92.9) | 0.654 |
| Non-English | 96.2 (95.4-97.0) | 63.7 (61.2-66.1) | 80.7 (79.2-82.1) | 91.4 (89.7-93.1) | 0.634 |
| Household Income | |||||
| More than $30,000 | 97.4 (96.9-97.9) | 60.4 (58.1-62.7) | 83.1 (81.9-84.2) | 92.1 (90.5-93.6) | 0.632 |
| $30,000 or less | 96.1 (95.6-96.6) | 66.3 (64.7-67.8) | 81.2 (80.3-82.2) | 91.8 (90.8-92.9) | 0.655 |
| Self-Perceived Health | |||||
| Excellent | 97.1 (96.3-97.8) | 65.9 (63.0-68.9) | 84.6 (83.1-86.1) | 92.2 (90.2-94.2) | 0.677 |
| Very good | 96.8 (96.3-97.4) | 63.3 (61.1-65.5) | 84.3 (83.2-85.4) | 90.8 (89.2-92.4) | 0.651 |
| Good | 96.4 (95.7-97.1) | 63.9 (61.6-66.1) | 81.3 (80.0-82.6) | 91.6 (90.1-93.2) | 0.640 |
| Fair | 96.4 (95.3-97.5) | 64.9 (61.8-68.0) | 77.4 (75.2-79.5) | 93.6 (91.7-95.5) | 0.632 |
| Poor | 93.8 (91.2-96.3) | 65.6 (61.0-70.2) | 70.4 (66.3-74.6) | 92.3 (89.3-95.4) | 0.582 |
| FOBT group | |||||
| Overall | 77.4 (75.7-79.0) | 89.8 (89.2-90.3) | 62.1 (60.4-63.8) | 94.8 (94.4-95.2) | 0.612 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 77.6 (75.4-79.7) | 90.7 (90.0-91.5) | 66.1 (63.8-68.4) | 94.5 (94.0-95.1) | 0.640 |
| Male | 77.1 (74.6-79.6) | 88.7 (87.8-89.5) | 57.5 (55.0-60.1) | 95.1 (94.5-95.7) | 0.579 |
| Birthplace | |||||
| Canadian-born | 78.3 (76.4-80.2) | 89.7 (89.0-90.3) | 61.4 (59.5-63.4) | 95.2 (94.7-95.6) | 0.613 |
| Foreign-born | 74.8 (71.5-78.0) | 90.0 (88.9-91.1) | 64.0 (60.7-67.3) | 93.7 (92.8-94.7) | 0.609 |
| Immigrant Status* | |||||
| Immigrated >5 yrs ago | 75.3 (72.0-78.7) | 90.1 (89.0-91.2) | 64.4 (61.0-67.8) | 93.9 (93.0-94.8) | 0.615 |
| Immigrated ≤5 yrs ago | 54.5 (25.1-84.0) | 88.6 (78.0-99.1) | 60.0 (29.6-90.4) | 86.1 (74.8-97.4) | 0.445 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 77.4 (75.7-79.1) | 89.9 (89.3-90.4) | 62.3 (60.5-64.1) | 94.8 (94.4-95.3) | 0.615 |
| Non-white | 73.5 (66.5-80.5) | 89.4 (87.1-91.7) | 61.0 (53.9-68.1) | 93.7 (91.8-95.6) | 0.583 |
| Education Status | |||||
| More than high school | 77.7 (75.9-79.5) | 89.4 (88.7-90.0) | 62.9 (61.0-64.8) | 94.5 (94.0-95.0) | 0.615 |
| High school or less | 75.4 (71.8-79.1) | 90.8 (89.8-91.8) | 59.0 (55.3-62.7) | 95.5 (94.7-96.2) | 0.594 |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 76.7 (74.1-79.2) | 90.7 (89.9-91.4) | 61.2 (58.6-63.7) | 95.3 (94.7-95.9) | 0.611 |
| Not employed | 77.8 (75.7-80.0) | 88.9 (88.1-89.7) | 62.8 (60.5-65.0) | 94.3 (93.7-94.9) | 0.611 |
| Mother Tongue | |||||
| English | 79.2 (77.3-81.0) | 89.4 (88.8-90.1) | 61.6 (59.7-63.5) | 95.2 (94.8-95.7) | 0.617 |
| Non-English | 72.1 (68.7-75.5) | 90.7 (89.6-91.7) | 63.6 (60.1-67.0) | 93.5 (92.6-94.4) | 0.597 |
| Household Income | |||||
| More than $30,000 | 78.3 (76.0-80.7) | 89.1 (88.2-89.9) | 61.6 (59.1-64.0) | 94.8 (94.2-95.4) | 0.610 |
| $30,000 or less | 76.0 (73.5-78.5) | 90.2 (89.4-91.0) | 61.8 (59.2-64.3) | 94.8 (94.2-95.4) | 0.607 |
| Self-Perceived Health | |||||
| Excellent | 79.4 (75.8-82.9) | 89.6 (88.3-90.9) | 63.7 (59.9-67.5) | 94.9 (94.0-95.9) | 0.630 |
| Very good | 79.2 (76.7-81.7) | 89.3 (88.3-90.2) | 65.0 (62.4-67.7) | 94.4 (93.7-95.2) | 0.633 |
| Good | 75.9 (72.8-79.1) | 90.7 (89.8-91.7) | 62.6 (59.4-65.8) | 94.9 (94.1-95.6) | 0.615 |
| Fair | 73.3 (67.8-78.8) | 89.7 (88.2-91.3) | 54.3 (49.0-59.6) | 95.3 (94.2-96.4) | 0.545 |
| Poor | 65.7 (54.6-76.8) | 87.9 (85.2-90.6) | 40.7 (31.6-49.8) | 95.3 (93.5-97.1) | 0.423 |
*Among those who were foreign-born.