Table 2.
Mechanisms regulating Rnd expression.
| Rnd | Stimuli or TFs that control expression | Cell type | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rnd2 | Neurog2 | Cortical neurons | Migration | 1 |
| Rnd2 | RP58* | Cortical neurons | Migration | 2 |
| Rnd2 | COUPTFI* | Cortical neurons | Migration and differentiation | 3 |
| Rnd2 | Scratch2* | Cortical neurons | Migration | 4 |
| Rnd3 | Ascl1 | Cortical neurons | Migration | 5 |
| Rnd3 | PDGF | Fibroblast | Formation of stress fibers | 6 |
| Rnd3 | HGF | MDCK | Motility | 7, 8 |
| Rnd3 | Raf-MEK-BRF | MDCK | Transformation | 9 |
| Melanoma cells | Invasiveness | 10, 11 | ||
| Rnd3 | p53—chemoterapeutic agent or irradiation | Cancer cell line, keratinocytes | Pro-survival | 12, 13 |
| Rnd3 | mTOR | Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma | Potential contribution to tumorigenesis | 14 |
| Rnd3 | NF-kB | Prostate cancer | Potential contribution to tumorigenesis | 15 |
| Rnd2/3 | MDMA and cocaine | Neurons in different brain regions | Potential contribution to dendritic branching and neurite outgrowth | 16 |
| Rnd3 | mir200c mir200b* | Breast cancer cell | Invasive behavior | 17, 18 |
| Rnd1-2-3 | Estradiol | Smooth muscle cells—myometrium | Decreased contraction | 19 |
| Rnd3 | Estradiol* | Prostatic stromal cells | Unknown | 20 |
| Rnd3 | MIC-1/GDF15 | Prostate cancer cells | Decreased adhesion | 21 |
| Rnd3 | CREB | Hippocampal neurons | BDNF-mediated synaptogenesis | 22 |
| Rnd3 | HIF1a | Gastric cancer cells | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasion | 23 |
| Rnd3 | FOXD3* | Melanoma cells | Migration and invasion | 24 |
1 (Heng et al., 2008), 2 (Heng et al., 2013; Ohtaka-Maruyama et al., 2013), 3 (Alfano et al., 2011), 4 (Paul et al., 2014), 5 (Pacary et al., 2011), 6 (Riento et al., 2003), 7 (Guasch et al., 1998), 8 (Tanimura et al., 2002), 9 (Hansen et al., 2000), 10 (Klein et al., 2008), 11 (Klein and Aplin, 2009), 12 (Ongusaha et al., 2006), 13 (Boswell et al., 2007), 14 (Tyburczy et al., 2010), 15 (Nadiminty et al., 2010), 16 (Marie-Claire et al., 2007), 17 (Hurteau et al., 2006), 18 (Xia et al., 2010), 19 (Shimomura et al., 2009), 20 (Bektic et al., 2004), 21 (Liu et al., 2003), 22 (Lesiak et al., 2013), 23 (Zhou et al., 2011), 24 (Katiyar and Aplin, 2011). *Denotes factors that decrease Rnd expression.