Figure 3. External and internal factors that regulate beige adipocyte development under lean and obese conditions.

Beige adipocyte development is induced by the indicated stimuli and mediated by the listed endocrine factors. This process is associated with increased energy expenditure, reduced body weight, and improved insulin sensitivity. Under obese conditions, beige adipocyte development is impaired through multiple factors, including but not limited to reduced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity and increased activation of signaling pathways that inhibit beige adipocyte development. Impaired beige adipocyte development is associated with reduced energy expenditure, increased body weight, reduced insulin sensitivity, and development of hepatic steatosis.