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. 2015 Feb 6;6:13. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00013

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Insulin and the brain: therapeutic implications. Hypothetical figure presenting two possibilities of enhancing brain insulin action. First, a way of increasing insulin concentrations in the brain is via enhanced delivery, such as delivery via the intranasal route, which has been shown to have some beneficial effects. Second, insulin action could probably also be augmented by enhancing its efficacy, for example, via resolution of brain (hypothalamic) inflammation.