. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Acad Emerg Med. 2014 Nov 25;22(1):94–112. doi: 10.1111/acem.12538

Table 6.

Selected and Recent AHF Risk Stratification Studies Determining Events Within 30 Days or Less of Index ED Presentation

First Author Year	Study Type^*	N	Predicted Outcome	Variables in Final Model
Lassus¹⁵⁵ 2013	I, P	441–4,450 (pooled analysis, total n varied by biomarker evaluated)	30-day and 1-year mortality	ST2, MR-proADM, CRP, NT-proBNP, BNP, MR-proANP in addition to clinical model (age, gender, blood pressure on admission, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², sodium and hemoglobin levels, and heart rate)
Stiell¹⁵⁶ 2013	E, P	559	30-day death and 14-day serious nonfatal events	h/o TIA/CVA, vital signs, ECG, and laboratory findings
Lee⁸⁸ 2012	E, R	12,591	7-day mortality	HR, creatinine, BP, O₂ sat, Tn, cancer, home metolazone, EMS transport
Peterson¹⁵⁷ 2010	I, R	39,783	In-hospital mortality	Age, SBP, BUN, HR, Na, COPD, nonblack race
Fonarow¹⁵⁸ 2008	I, R	5,791	In-hospital mortality, 60- to 90-day mortality or rehospitalization	Pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, worsening renal function
Hsieh¹⁰ 2008	I, R	8,384	Inpatient mortality or serious medical complications, 30-day mortality	pH, pulse, renal function, WBC, glucose, sodium
Abraham¹⁵⁹ 2008	I, R	48,612	In-hospital mortality	Age, HR, SBP, Na, creatinine, HF as primary cause for admission, LVSD
Rohde¹⁶⁰ 2006	I, P	779	In-hospital mortality	Cancer, SBP, creatinine, BUN, Na, age
Diercks⁹⁷ 2006	E, P	499	Stay < 24 hours in observation and no 30-day adverse cardiac events	Tn, SBP
Auble⁹⁹ 2005	R	33,533	Inpatient mortality or serious medical complications, 30-day mortality, and AHF readmission	pH, pulse, renal function, WBC, glucose, sodium
Fonarow¹⁶¹ 2005	I, R	65,275	In-hospital mortality	BUN, SBP, creatinine

I = inpatient, E = emergency department patients, R = retrospective, P = prospective

ANP = atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; BP = blood pressure; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; COPD= chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP = C-reactive protein; CVA = cerebrovascular accident; HR = heart rate; LVSD = left ventricular systolic dysfunction; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TIA = transient ischemic attack; Tn = troponin; WBC = white blood cell count.