At 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8-week feeding with chow or HFHS diet, the animals (12 h fasting) were intraperitoneally injected with insulin (0.75 U/kg body weight) or leptin (0.6 mg/kg body weight), liver samples were collected 30min after the injection. Samples were analyzed along with the non-hormone treated liver samples (A) Western blots of total and phospho-Akt (Thr308), PI3Kp85/p55 in the liver 30 min after insulin injection. (B) Western blots of total and phospho-STAT3, PI3K p85/p55 in the liver 30 min after leptin injection. Data (mean ± SE, n = 3) are presented as relative protein levels. *
P<0.05, **
P<0.01 between hormone treated versus non-hormone treated conditions.