Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Overall (n = 437) | Online (n = 276) | Rural (n = 161) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | |||
| Chose plan costing at least $500 more than the lowest cost plan | 40% | 34% | 52%* |
| Choice consistency (range 0–2) (SD) | 1.17 (0.78) | 1.20 (0.77) | 1.13 (0.79) |
| Health insurance comprehension (range 0–4) (SD) | 2.61 (1.19) | 2.97 (1.06) | 1.99*(1.15) |
| Regressors of interest | |||
| Nine-plan condition | 50% | 50% | 50%NA |
| Numeracy (range 0–4) (SD) | 2.15 (1.37) | 2.76 (1.18) | 1.10*(0.96) |
| Covariates | |||
| Patient activation (range 0–100) (SD) | 79.80 (10.23) | 78.90 (10.00) | 81.27*(10.18) |
| Missing patient activation | 36% | 48% | 19%* |
| DOSPERT (range 1–7) | |||
| Health risk (SD) | 2.76 (1.06) | 2.94 (1.04) | 2.44*(1.01) |
| Financial investment (SD) | 3.19 (1.52) | 3.24 (1.39) | 3.10 (1.73) |
| Financial risk (SD) | 1.62 (1.09) | 1.66 (1.12) | 1.55 (1.03) |
| Time discounting (range 0–4) | 2.11 (1.45) | 2.13 (1.45) | 2.09 (1.42) |
| Age (SD) | 33.52 (11.72) | 29.60 (8.96) | 40.31*(12.80) |
| Male | 54% | 65% | 34%* |
| Non-Hispanic White | 60% | 82% | 22%* |
| Non-Hispanic African American (NHAA) | 30% | 4% | 75%* |
| Other ethnicity | 10% | 14% | 3%* |
| High school or less | 36% | 21% | 56%* |
| Some college | 38% | 42% | 31%* |
| College or more | 28% | 37% | 13%* |
| Currently employed | 57% | 61% | 51%* |
| Federal poverty level (FPL) | 36% | 24% | 57%* |
| Rural sample | 37% | 0% | 100%NA |
| Fair or poor health | 24% | 21% | 28%* |
| Any chronic disease | 42% | 34% | 54%* |
| High-utilizer | 14% | 6% | 28%* |
*
Indicates bivariate test (t-test or chi-square) of differences between online and rural sample characteristics significant at p < .05.