Table 2.
Correlates of Choice of a Plan at Least $500 More Than the Lowest Cost Plan Given Expected Health Care Needs
| Odds Ratio (SE) | Odds Ratio (SE) | Odds Ratio (SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regressors of interest | |||
| Choice consistency | – | – | 0.42*** (0.05) |
| Health insurance comprehension | – | 0.84** (0.06) | 0.94 (0.07) |
| Nine-plan condition | 1.31** (0.16) | 1.19 (0.16) | 1.18 (0.17) |
| Numeracy | 0.96 (0.08) | 0.99 (0.08) | 0.99 (0.09) |
| Covariates | |||
| Patient activation | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) |
| Missing patient activation | 0.52** (0.10) | 0.54*** (0.11) | 0.60** (0.11) |
| Health risk | 0.83** (0.08) | 0.84* (0.08) | 0.86 (0.08) |
| Financial investment | 1.08 (0.07) | 1.09 (0.07) | 1.06 (0.07) |
| Financial risk | 1.17* (0.09) | 1.16* (0.09) | 1.15* (0.09) |
| Time discounting | 1.05 (0.06) | 1.06 (0.06) | 1.04 (0.06) |
| Age | 1.01 (0.01) | 1.01 (0.01) | 1.00 (0.01) |
| Male | 1.04 (0.21) | 1.03 (0.21) | 0.92 (0.18) |
| NHAA | 1.06 (0.29) | 1.00 (0.27) | 1.18 (0.34) |
| Other race | 0.73 (0.22) | 0.71 (0.20) | 0.80 (0.21) |
| Some college | 0.65** (0.13) | 0.65** (0.13) | 0.57** (0.12) |
| College or more | 1.06 (0.27) | 1.03 (0.26) | 0.82 (0.22) |
| Employed | 1.11 (0.19) | 1.11 (0.19) | 0.98 (0.18) |
| FPL | 1.33 (0.25) | 1.33 (0.25) | 1.30 (0.26) |
| Rural | 1.16 (0.34) | 1.09 (0.32) | 1.05 (0.31) |
| Fair or poor health | 1.04 (0.24) | 1.04 (0.24) | 0.83 (0.19) |
| Any chronic disease | 1.23 (0.25) | 1.24 (0.25) | 1.43* (0.29) |
| Constant | 0.67 (0.62) | 0.91 (0.86) | 2.30 (2.33) |
| Indirect effects¶ (mediation) | |||
| Nine plans | – | 1.10** (0.05) | 1.10* (0.07) |
| Health insurance comprehension | – | – | 0.90*** (0.03) |
| Observations | 852 | 852 | 848 |
| Number of individuals | 437 | 437 | 437 |
†
Correlates of choosing a more costly plan modeled using GEE assuming a binomial distribution for the outcomes. Robust standard errors were used.
¶
Indirect effects were calculated by subtracting the unexponentiated coefficient of interest in the model controlling for the mediator from the same coefficient in the model without the mediator. Standard errors and percentile method confidence intervals for indirect effects were obtained by bootstrapping using 10,000 replicates.
*
p < .10,
**
p < .05,
***
p < .01.