Table 1.

Characteristics of Hospital Cohorts

	Hospital Cohort
	All Included Hospitals		Clinical Process Performance Match		Patient Experience Match
	Hospitals Exposed to HVBP	Comparison Hospitals	Hospitals Exposed to HVBP	Comparison Hospitals	Hospitals Exposed to HVBP	Comparison Hospitals
Hospitals, n	2,873	399	2,801	240	2,779	284
Hospital type, %*,†,‡
Acute care	100.0	0.0	100.0	0.0	100.0	0.0
Critical access	0.0	89.2	0.0	83.9	0.0	58.9
Maryland	0.0	10.8	0.0	16.1	0.0	41.1
Owner, %*,†,‡
Government-run	17.3	24.6	17.0	22.9	17.7	16.7
For-profit	18.5	5.8	18.2	5.7	17.5	7.0
Not-for-profit	64.2	69.7	64.7	71.4	64.8	76.3
Region, %*,†,‡
Northeast	17.2	9.9	17.5	13.3	17.0	5.8
Southeast	33.2	45.9	33.3	51.9	33.7	61.7
Midwest	8.6	2.4	8.3	0.3	8.7	1.4
South central	13.3	4.5	13.0	3.4	13.1	3.5
North central	8.3	23.7	8.4	16.2	8.2	13.8
Mountain	6.7	7.5	6.7	7.0	6.8	5.9
Pacific	12.7	6.1	12.7	7.9	12.4	8.0
Teaching affiliation, %*,†,‡	32.3	11.7	32.9	16.1	33.2	21.6
Council of Teaching Hospitals, %*,†,‡	9.2	2.1	9.4	2.9	9.5	5.2
Joint Commission accredited, %*,†,‡	90.4	39.7	90.8	33.9	91.5	73.5
Number of beds, mean*,†,‡	227	69	231	82	238	130
Number of admissions, mean*,†,‡	10,855	2,844	11,063	3,746	11,252	7,339
Percentage admissions Medicare patients, mean*,†,‡	44.5	54.8	44.5	52.6	45.0	50.0
Percentage admissions Medicaid patients, mean*,†,‡	17.6	13.8	17.6	14.8	18.9	17.0
Pre-HVBP clinical process performance, mean*	89.4	88.6	89.5	89.0	—	—
Pre-HVBP patient experience performance, mean*	68.6	73.3	—	—	68.6	68.7

Note: Exhibit includes hospitals that are included in either the clinical process or patient experience analysis.

^*p < .05 for test of difference across all included hospitals.

^†p < .05 for test of difference across the process performance matched hospitals.

^‡p < .05 for test of difference across the patient experienced matched hospitals.

HVBP, hospital value-based purchasing.