Table 1. Baseline clinical characteristics in the Control and HF groups.
| Clinical Variables | Control (n = 33) | HF (n = 38) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| age (years) | 52.0 (44.0, 68.0) | 73.0 (60.8, 77.0) | 0.0001 |
| sex (male, %) | 87.9 | 76.3 | 0.22 |
| BMI | 22.8 (21.8, 25.1) | 22.0 (20.0, 24.4) | 0.17 |
| smoking (%) | 33.3 | 23.7 | 0.42 |
| laboratory data | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 73.1 (67.2, 76.9) | 50.3 (38.2, 63.5) | <0.0001 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 8.3 (4.0, 20.1) | 290.5 (183.5, 679.3) | <0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 30.9 (21.5, 40.5) | ||
| comorbidity (%) | |||
| hypertension | 24.2 | 81.6 | <0.0001 |
| diabetes mellitus | 3 | 34.2 | 0.001 |
| chronic kidney disease | 9.1 | 65.8 | <0.0001 |
| coronary artery disease | 0 | 47.4 | N/A |
| atrial fibrillation | 3 | 44.7 | <0.0001 |
| medication (%) | |||
| ACEI/ARB/MRA | 15.2 | 76.3 | <0.0001 |
| β-blocker | 6.1 | 55.3 | <0.0001 |
| diuretics | 3 | 73.7 | <0.0001 |
| digitalis | 0 | 26.3 | N/A |
| statin | 6.1 | 31.6 | <0.01 |
Data are median and interquartile range (in parentheses) unless otherwise stated. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II type I receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; N/A, not applicable