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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2014 Aug 13;6(249):249sr3. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008320

Fig. 3. Integrated translational programs.

Fig. 3

A concerted effort by different interested stakeholders (patients, academicians, and pharmaceutical companies) can produce more coherent and robust translation of pain therapies. Such efforts would provide a much-needed impetus to define pain phenotypes in animals and humans and to evaluate and develop new and better translational models.