Table 4. Measurement invariance across schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, and across genders.

	Fit indices
Model	χ2	df	P-value	RMSEA	CFI	SRMR
Mental illness
1M	95.270	44	< 0.01	0.0817	0.991	0.0282
2M	97.693	50	< 0.01	0.0735	0.991	0.0310
3M	101.513	56	< 0.01	0.0674	0.992	0.0314
4M	101.889	59	< 0.01	0.0637	0.992	0.0336
5M	112.871	62	< 0.01	0.0679	0.991	0.0318
Gender
1G	112.463	44	< 0.01	0.0939	0.988	0.0222
2G	121.201	50	< 0.01	0.0885	0.987	0.0344
3G	130.139	56	< 0.01	0.0849	0.987	0.0330
4G	132.598	59	< 0.01	0.0823	0.987	0.0651
5G	137.578	62	< 0.01	0.0815	0.987	0.0653

Model 1M/1G: Configural model

Model 2M/2G: All first-order factor loadings were invariant between mental illnesses (2M) and genders (2G)

Model 3M/3G: All first-order factor loadings and item intercepts were invariant between mental illnesses (3M) and genders (3G)

Model 4M/4G: All first- and second-order factor loadings, and item intercepts were invariant between mental illnesses (4M) and genders (4G)

Model 5M/5G: All first- and second-order factor loadings, item intercepts, and construct means were invariant between mental illnesses (5M) and genders (5G)

df = degree of freedom; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual; GFI = goodness of fit index; AGFI = adjusted goodness of fit index; AIC = Akaike’s information criterion; CAIC = consistent Akaike’s information criterion