FIG. 4.

The simulation results for three different widths of subchannels on the actuation side of the actuation transmitter circuit. (a) The design of the actuation transmitter in a 3D view. (b) The deformation on the cross-sections of the actuation transmitter is shown by different colors. The cross-sections are as the AA′ cross-section in (a). (c) The increase in area $\Delta {\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{man}}$ of the subchannels on the manipulation side resulting from the deformation with different subchannel widths is obtained from the simulation with respect to different pressures.