Table 3.

GNSS system parameters, survey conditions and control points

Parameter	Specification
GNSS system	Topcon HiPer L1/L2 receiver
Horizontal accuracy	3 mm + 0.5 PPM
Vertical accuracy	5 mm + 0.5 PPM
System frequency	20 Hz
Linear units	meters
Angular units	degrees
Datum	WGS84
Projection	UTM Zone 23 South
Geoid	MAPGEO 2010
Base Reference Point	INCRA “ABE M0693”
Number of points measured with success	35 (out of 36 total)
Points with σ < 1 m (x,y,z)	30
Points with 1 ≤ σ < 2.2 m (x/y/z)	5
Accuracy (RMSE) Easting	0.006 - 2.130 m; mean = 0.473 m
Accuracy (RMSE) Northing	0.006 - 1.876 m; mean = 0.225 m
Accuracy (RMSE) Elevation	0.019 - 2.195 m; mean = 0.469 m