Table 2.
Summary of selected DE Wnt pathway genes
| Gene | Expression higher in: | Functions & interactions | Study system | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wnt2, 2a, NvWnt2 (AAW28132) | Tips | Oral/aboral axis determination | N. vectensis | [12] |
| Wnt5a | Tips | Oral/aboral axis determination (NvWnt5) | N. vectensis | [12] |
| Bud/tentacle formation (hvwnt5) | Hydra | [56] | ||
| Wnt7a, 7b, NvWntA (AAT02182) | Bases | Oral/aboral axis determination (NvWntA; NvWnt7) | N. vectensis | [12] |
| Bud formation/head regeneration (HyWnt7) | Hydra | [57] | ||
| Wnt8a, 8b, 5b, NvWnt8b (AAW28136) | Tips | Bud/tentacle formation (hvwnt8) | Hydra | [56] |
| Krem1 | Tips | Interaction w/Dkk3 | Amphioxus | [58] |
| Human cells | [59] | |||
| Dkk3 | Tips | Regulation of biomineralization & beak shape; | Darwin’s finches (Geospiza spp.) | [60] |
| Migration of mature cnidocytes | Hydra | [61] | ||
| LRP6 | Bases | Bone formation | Mouse | Review [62] |
| Cthrc1 | A. cerv tips | Activates Wnt-PCP pathway; | Mouse | [63] |
| Inhibits type 1 collagen; BMP4 & TGF-ß signaling | Mouse and rat | [64] | ||
| Apolipophorins | A. cerv tips | Inter-cellular transport of Wnt & Hedgehog signaling molecules | Drosophila | [65] |
| Fzd6 | A. palm tips | Represses canonical Wnt signaling; | Human cells | [66] |
| Nail/claw formation | Mouse | [67] | ||
| Sox9 | A. palm tips | Cartilage development | Mouse cells | [68] |
| Mouse | [69] | |||
| LRP1, 1b | Tips & interaction | Regulates Wnt pathway | Human cells | [70] |
Genes include those with roles in cnidarian development and/or cartilage development and biomineralization in other organisms, as well as genes for putative Wnt-interacting proteins. Putative functions and interactions are based on the references. Closest identified cnidarian homolog and GenBank accession ID included for Wnt proteins where applicable.