Table 2.
Socio-economic indicators
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 | Male | Female | |||||
| Male (n = 110) |
Female (n = 123) |
Male (n = 93) |
Female (n = 113) |
Male (n = 105) |
Female (n = 116) |
Male (n = 94) |
Female (n = 111) |
pvalue* | pvalue | |
| Mean earnings last month (Rands) | 411 | 174 | 296 | 113 | 738 | 323 | 1015 | 484 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Currently studying | 10.9 | 11.4 | 13 | 8.8 | 11.4 | 12 | 17.9 | 15.3 | 0.133 | 0.127 |
| Frequency of livelihood strenghtening efforts (score) | 17.1 | 20.3 | 18 | 20.7 | 18.2 | 19.4 | 19.3 | 20.1 | <0.0001 | 0.29 |
| Work stress | ||||||||||
| Work stress mean score (high = less stress) | 7.43 | 8.01 | 7.76 | 8.05 | 7.64 | 8.46 | 8.18 | 7.88 | 0.039 | 0.94 |
| Feelings about work situation mean score (high = feeling better) | 9 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 9.6 | 10.36 | 10.63 | 11.04 | 10.75 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Ability to support children | ||||||||||
| Financially supporting kids | 40 | 54.1 | 44.1 | 53.1 | 44.76 | 58.97 | 46.88 | 61.26 | 0.42 | 0.03 |
| Receiving a grant | 9.3 | 48.8 | 14.1 | 46.9 | 16.35 | 52.99 | 10.53 | 56.88 | 0.46 | 0.009 |
| economic hardship & crime | ||||||||||
| Hungry every day or week: | 24.5 | 24.4 | 38.7 | 35.4 | 28.85 | 21.37 | 21.88 | 31.82 | 0.545 | 0.7 |
| Borrowing food or money weekly or more often | 17.4 | 27.6 | 18.5 | 17.7 | 15.24 | 18.97 | 12.37 | 24.32 | 0.26 | 0.5 |
| Stole in last month due to lack of food or money | 33.9 | 47.2 | 33.7 | 45.1 | 26.67 | 35.04 | 24.74 | 35.14 | 0.039 | 0.005 |
| Crime participation score (high = more crime) | 0.982 | 0.76 | 1.34 | 0.885 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 1.15 | 0.77 | 0.51 | 0.85 |
| Very diffficult to find R 200 in an emergency | 40.9 | 68.3 | 35.5 | 57.5 | 36.19 | 46.15 | 22.68 | 42.34 | 0.002 | <0.0001 |
| Social capital | ||||||||||
| Any club or group involvement | 48.2 | 22.8 | 45.7 | 22.1 | 36.19 | 26.5 | 52.1 | 31.2 | 0.77 | 0.07 |
| Active in church | 50 | 41.4 | 40.2 | 38.9 | 42.86 | 39.32 | 41.7 | 33.6 | 0.27 | 0.16 |
| Community cohesion score (high = less social cohesion) | 8.96 | 9.28 | 9.68 | 9.57 | 9.5 | 9.47 | 9.42 | 9.67 | 0.12 | 0.21 |
*P value is from a random effects regression model with each individual as the cluster, and measured the slope of the line across the time points to determine trend.