Table III.

Channel-specific effects of income, competition, and procurement on prices of HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria drugs, 2004–2008, per capita income-range countries

OLS regressions of log annual treatment price GPRM and IMS data
		Retail generic	Retail originator	Tender generic	Tender originator
Log per capita income		−0.378*	−0.0714	0.0345	0.316***
		[0.200]	[0.283]	[0.0298]	[0.0466]
Gini coefficient		0.0860***	0.0498***	−0.000477	−0.00184
		[0.0172]	[0.0140]	[0.00354]	[0.00568]
Gini coefficient missing indicator		−0.264	−0.0396	0.0220	−0.0578
		[0.289]	[0.486]	[0.0534]	[0.122]
HIV prevalence per 1K		−0.0173***	−0.0169***	0.000574	−0.00208**
		[0.00554]	[0.00200]	[0.000476]	[0.000905]
Log drug volume		−0.0411*	−0.0701**	−0.0671***	−0.145***
		[0.0190]	[0.0274]	[0.0130]	[0.0230]
Competition	Tendering generic firms in class‡	0.0997***	−0.0682***	0.0224	0.0253
		[0.0217]	[0.0142]	[0.0168]	[0.0259]
	Retail generic firms in class‡	−0.0213***	−0.00514	§	§
		[0.00206]	[0.00415]
	Originator firms in class‡	−0.0769	0.144***	0.0666***	0.00245
		[0.0550]	[0.0392]	[0.0184]	[0.0417]
	Originator present in molecule‡	0.328***	#	0.0791	#
		[0.0903]		[0.0484]
Suppliers	Supplier: UNICEF			−0.0817	0.138
				[0.0530]	[0.0997]
	Supplier: GlobalFund			0.228***	0.213**
				[0.0617]	[0.0989]
	Supplier: IDA			0.203***	0.404***
				[0.0455]	[0.108]
	Supplier: Missionpharma			0.194**	−0.0316
				[0.0870]	[0.115]
Non-oral solid		1.247***	1.318***	0.0276	−0.346***
		[0.252]	[0.299]	[0.0542]	[0.0713]
Molecule and year fixed effects		X	X	X	X
Constant		5.025**	5.170*	4.977***	5.063***
		[2.099]	[2.614]	[0.357]	[0.463]
Observations		737	714	3886	2088
R-squared		0.882	0.807	0.734	0.503

Robust standard errors adjusted for 37 clusters in country in brackets.

^‡All competition measures are calculated within country-class-year, by channel.

^§There are (by definition) no retail-only firms in the tender channel.

^#The originator molecule flag is equal to one for every originator observation.

^*p < 0.1.

^**p < 0.05.

^***p < 0.01.