Table 2.
High risk rate of upper extremities musculoskeletal symptoms by characteristics of subjects (n = 166)
| Subjects | Neck | Shoulder | Arm/elbow | Hand/wrist | Upp. ext | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 166(100) | 13(7.8) | 24(14.5) | 10(6.0) | 11(6.6) | 34(20.5) | |
| Age (year) | 30-39 | 35(21.1) | 5(14.3) | 3(8.6) | 2(5.7) | 2(5.7) | 5(14.3) |
| 40-49 | 66(39.8) | 1(1.5) | 9(13.6) | 3(4.5) | 4(6.1) | 12(18.2) | |
| ≥50 | 65(39.2) | 7(10.8) | 12(18.5) | 5(7.7) | 5(7.7) | 17(26.2) | |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | <25 | 90(63.8) | 4(4.4) | 6(6.7)* | 2(2.2)* | 3(3.3)* | 7(10.0)† |
| ≥25 | 51(36.2) | 6(11.8) | 14(27.5) | 7(13.7) | 7(13.7) | 18(37.3) | |
| Tenure (month) | 12-117 | 46(27.7) | 4(8.7) | 5(10.9) | 2(4.3) | 4(8.7) | 8(17.4) |
| 118-212 | 37(22.3) | 1(2.7) | 3(8.1) | 1(2.7) | 2(5.4) | 4(10.8) | |
| 213-324 | 44(26.5) | 4(9.1) | 6(13.6) | 3(6.8) | 3(6.8) | 10(22.7) | |
| ≥325 | 39(23.5) | 4(10.3) | 10(25.6) | 4(10.3) | 2(5.1) | 12(30.8) | |
| Working | <9 | 77(50.0) | 4(4.4) | 8(10.4) | 3(3.9) | 2(2.6)* | 10(13.0)* |
| Hours (hour) | ≥9 | 77(50.0) | 6(11.8) | 14(18.2) | 7(9.1) | 9(11.7) | 22(28.6) |
| Break time | <30 | 80(54.2) | 7(8.8) | 13(14.4) | 3(3.3) | 4(4.4) | 19(21.1) |
| (minute) | ≥30 | 52(31.3) | 6(9.5) | 7(13.5) | 4(7.7) | 6(11.5) | 10(19.2) |
| Exercise ‡ | Yes | 69(41.6) | 4(5.8) | 5(7.2)* | 2(2.9) | 3(4.3) | 6(8.7)† |
| No | 96(57.8) | 9(9.4) | 19(19.8) | 8(8.3) | 8(8.3) | 28(29.2) | |
| House work | <1 hr/day | 134(80.7) | 8(6.4) | 20(14.9) | 8(6.0) | 9(6.7) | 30(22.4) |
| ≥1 hr/day | 29(17.5) | 4(10.5) | 3(10.3) | 1(3.4) | 1(3.4) | 3(10.3) | |
| Physical | N to M§ | 75(45.2) | 1(1.3)* | 7(9.3)† | 5(6.7) | 2(2.7)* | 10(13.3)† |
| burden | Hard | 70(42.2) | 7(10.0) | 8(11.4) | 3(4.3) | 5(7.1) | 13(18.6) |
| Very hard | 21(12.7) | 5(23.8) | 9(42.9) | 2(9.5) | 4(19.0) | 11(52.4) | |
| Ergonomics ∥ | Low risk | 78(51.3) | 3(3.8)* | 7(9.0)† | 4(5.1) | 2(2.6)* | 11(14.1)† |
| High risk | 74(48.7) | 10(13.5) | 17(23.0) | 6(8.1) | 9(12.2) | 23(31.1) |
Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test: Working hours, Break time, Exercise, House work, Ergonomics, BMI.
Chi-square test for trend : Age, Tenure, Physical burden.
*p <0.05 by chi-square test or chi-square test for trend, comparison between subgroups.
†p <0.01 by chi-square test or chi-square test for trend, comparison between subgroups.
‡Exercise Yes: >3 times/week, >40 minutes/one time.
§N to M: None to moderate.
∥Ergonomics: check list from OSHA Draft Ergonomics Standard, a score of 10 or above is high risk group.