Table 4.
Prevalence of geographic tongue (GT) and fissured tongue (FT) in patients with psoriasis (P) and healthy controls (C) and association with age of psoriasis onset and psoriasis severity (PASI).
| References | Total (N) | GT (%) | FT (%) | GT X psoriasis onset (%) | FT X psoriasis onset (%) | GT X PASI (%) | FT X PASI (%) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | C | P | C | P | C | Early-onset | Late-onset | Early-onset | Late-onset | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
| Daneshpazhooh et al. (2004) [14] | 200 | 200 | 14 | 6 | 33 | 9.5 | No* | No* | No* | No* | 5.7 | 16.7 | 32.1 | 26.4 | 38.3 | 25 |
| Zargari (2006) [15] | 306 | No* | 7.2 | No* | 9.8 | No* | 7.2** | 1.3 | 8.2 | 11.8 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Hernandez-Perez et al. (2008) [18] | 80 | 127 | 12.5 | 4.7 | 47.5 | 20.4 | No* | No* | 30.4*** | 54.4 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Costa et al. (2009) [2] | 166 | 166 | 18.1 | 4.2 | 34.3 | 16.2 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Tomb et al. (2010) [19] | 400 | 1000 | 7.7 | 1 | 33.2 | 9.9 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Picciani et al. (2011) [4] | 203 | No* | 12.1 | No* | 34.4 | No* | 100*** | 0 | 38 | 62 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Germi et al. (2012) [20] | 535 | 436 | 9.1 | 5.2 | 22.6 | 10.3 | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* | No* |
| Darwazeh et al. (2012) [21] | 100 | 100 | 17 | 9 | 35 | 13 | 20.8** | 7.1 | 29 | 50 | 19.7 | 5.6 | 40 | 36.1 | 22.2 | 50 |
| Singh et al. (2013) [16] | 600 | 800 | 5.6 | 0.8 | 45.3 | 40 | 5.4*** | 6.2 | No* | No* | No* | No* | 12.9**** | No* | No* | No* |
No*= there is no information; P = psoriasis; C = control; GT = geographic tongue; FT = fissured tongue; **early-onset = ≤30 years; ***early-onset = ≤40 years.
****This value represents the average of PASI found in psoriasis patients with geographic tongue.