Table 3.
Ultrasound fetal measurements between groups.
| Parameters | Gestational age | Mean ± SD | P values1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga (n = 27) | Control (n = 32) | |||
| Biparietal diameter (BPD) | 12th wk | 20.2 ± 4.0 | 19.5 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| 20th wk | 50.6 ± 5.4 | 46.9 ± 2.4 | ||
| 28th wk | 72.5 ± 2.9 | 70.4 ± 2.3 | ||
|
| ||||
| Head circumference (HD) | 12th wk | 75.4 ± 9.4 | 74.3 ± 8.6 | 0.002 |
| 20th wk | 181.0 ± 7.9 | 173.7 ± 7.9 | ||
| 28th wk | 268.6 ± 8.7 | 262.4 ± 8.2 | ||
|
| ||||
| Abdominal circumference (AC) | 12th wk | 62.3 ± 8.5 | 60.7 ± 6.2 | 0.099 |
| 20th wk | 150.0 ± 10.6 | 149.1 ± 8.9 | ||
| 28th wk | 243.7 ± 13.9 | 236.4 ± 11.1 | ||
|
| ||||
| Femur length (FL) | 12th wk | 9.2 ± 1.9 | 9.3 ± 1.7 | 0.005 |
| 20th wk | 33.1 ± 2.1 | 31.5 ± 1.9 | ||
| 28th wk | 55.0 ± 2.6 | 53.0 ± 2.3 | ||
|
| ||||
| Heart rate (HR) | 12th wk | 163.5 ± 9.4 | 157.8 ± 9.4 | 0.006 a |
| 20th wk | 149.3 ± 7.6 | 143.0 ± 9.9 | ||
| 28th wk | 145.0 ± 11.6 | 141.3 ± 7.2 | ||
|
| ||||
| Estimated fetal weight (EFW) | 12th wk | 0.065 ± 0.02 | 0.066 ± 0.01 | 0.019 |
| 20th wk | 0.362 ± 0.05 | 0.329 ± 0.04 | ||
| 28th wk | 1.275 ± 0.15 | 1.188 ± 0.13 | ||
1Calculated using RM-ANOVA.
aANCOVA keeping the baseline data as covariate.
Remarks: significant improvement was observed in all fetal parameters except for AC, which was near significance.