Table 1.
Clinical studies of drugs that target tumor microenvironment
| Target | Drug | Types of drug | Cancer types | Clinical Studies |
Response Median/Mo* |
PFS Median/Mo* |
OS Median/Mo* |
Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNFα | Infliximab | Monoclonal antibody | Renal cell carcinoma | Phase II |
Study 1: 32% PR+SD (7.7) Study 2: 61% SD (6.2) |
Study 1: 3.1 Study 2: 4.1 |
Study 1: 10 Study 2: 13.1 |
37 |
| Ovarian, renal, cervical cancer, endometrial stromal cell sarcoma, metastatic melanoma and metastatic colon cancer | Phase I | 6.2% SD (3.9) | 38 | |||||
| Etanercept (Enbrel) | Monoclonal antibody | Metastatic breast cancer | Phase II | 6.25% SD (4.1) | 39 | |||
| Recurrent ovarian cancer | Phase I | 33.3% SD (6.25) | 40 | |||||
| NFκB | Bortezomib | Proteasome inhibitor | Unresectable/metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | Phase II | 6.25% SD (3.3) | 1.28 | 5.08 | 41 |
| Recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | Phase II | 53% PR+SD (3.0) | 3.0 | 9.4 | 42 | |||
| IL6 | Siltuximab (CNTO-328) | Monoclonal antibody | Metastatic renal cell cancer | Phase I/II |
Part 2 54% PR+SD (7.6) |
3.4 | 5 | 43 |
| TGFβ | AP-12009 | Antisense oligonucleotide | Recurrent malignant glioma | Phase I/II | 29.1% SD (6) | 11 | 44 | |
| GC-1008 | Monoclonal Antibody | Metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma | Phase I/II (Ongoing) | 45 | ||||
| LY-573636 (Tasisulam Sodium) | Small molecule inhibitor | Unresectable/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer | Phase II | 43.8% SD (4.21) | 2.69 | 8.48 | 46 | |
| Unresectable/metastatic soft tissue sarcoma | Phase II | 46.0% PR+SD (4.44) | 2.64 | 8.71 | 47 | |||
| Unresectable/metastatic melanoma | Phase II | 47.1% CR+PR+SD (6.6) | 2.6 | 9.6 | 48 | |||
| HIF1α | EZN-2698 | Antisense oligonucleotide | Advanced solid tumors and metastatic renal cell carcinoma | Phase I (Ongoing) | 49 | |||
| PX-478 | Small molecule inhibitor | Advanced metastatic cancer | Phase I (Ongoing) | 49 | ||||
| Topotecan | Small molecule inhibitor | Advanced, refractory non-small cell lung cancer | Phase I/II | 69.1% PR+SD (5.1) | 5.2 | 11.5 | 50 | |
| Tenascin C | 211Atch81C6 | Radioactive particles | Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO) | Pilot | GBM: SD (13.5) AA: SD (13) AO: SD (29) |
GBM: 37.5 Non-GBM: 60 |
55 | |
| FAK | PF-00562271 | Small molecule inhibitor | Advanced solid tumors | Phase I | 34% SD (1.5) 17% SD (9) |
61 |
*
Median/Mo: Median duration/months
PFS: Progress Free Survival; OS: Overall Survival, Ref: Reference
CR: Complete Response, PR: Partial Response, SD: Stable Disease