Table 2.
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of all patients reported.
| Patient | Stage | Histology | Immunophenotype | Author/year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | N/A | Classic, focally with large dilated vascular spaces | N/A | Jungano, 1907 [10] |
| 2 | N/A | Classic, focally solid | N/A | Casal et al., 1970 [11] |
| 3 | At least lamina propria | Typical, “hobnail” cells | fVIII+, keratin− | Stroup and Chang 1987 [12] |
| 4 | T3 | Typical | fVIII+, keratin− | Aragona et al., 1991 [13] |
| 5 | T2 | Typical | N/A | Ravi, 1993 [14] |
| 6 | T3 | Typical | fVIII+, CD34+ | Navon et al., 1997 [15] |
| 7 | T4N0M0 | Solid and primitive | fVIII+, CD31+, CD34+ | Engel et al., 1998 [7] |
| 8 | TXN + M0 | Solid, focally classic | fVIII−, CD34−, keratin−, CD31+ | Schindler et al., 1999 [16] |
| 9 | Peritoneal surface | Solid, focally primitive | CD31+, CD43+, kertin− | Seethala et al., 2006 [8] |
| 10 | Muscularis | Typical | CD31+, CD34−, fVIII− | Kulaga et al., 2007 [17] |
| 11 | T4 | Typical | fVIII+, CD31+, CD34+ | Williams et al., 2008 [18] |
| 12 | MIBC | Typical | fVIII+, CD31+, CD34+ | Warne et al., 2011 [2] |
| Current | MIBC | Typical | CD31+, CD34+, fVIII+, keratin−; cystitis cystica | Bahouth, 2015 |
Typical appearance includes anastomosing vascular channels. N/A: not available. MIBC = muscle-invasive bladder cancer.