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. 2014 Nov 5;5(1):24–38. doi: 10.1002/brb3.295

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© 2014 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Depolarized cell membrane causes more projections to be formed in mature neurons; 3 week cocultures of rat primary cortical neurons and astrocytes were stained with beta tubulin III and Alexa Fluor 488 to visualize the neurons, (A) under control and (B) Ivm-treated (1 μmol/L, 24 h) conditions. (C) Ivm-caused depolarization of the cell membrane detected using ratiometric dye Di-8-ANEPPS. N = 12. (D) The numbers of neural projections of single cells (arrows) were counted. N = 18. (E) Cell viability at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks in control (no drug) and Ivm-treated cultures. 10% DMSO was used as negative control. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01. N = 18.