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. 2015 Feb 9;6:68. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00068

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Vacuoles, the ER and toxisomes in F. graminearum. Organelles are visualized in a strain of F. graminearum having a GFP-tagged HMG CoA reductase and a TagRFP-T-tagged trichodiene oxygenase. (A) Strain grown in minimal medium which does not induce trichothecene synthesis. (Left to right) Hypha visualized using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy; GFP fluorescence showing HMG CoA reductase consistent with localization to reticulate and perinuclear ER; CMAC fluorescence used to visualize vacuoles; combined GFP and CMAC fluorescence showing both ER and vacuoles. Bar = 10 μm. (B) Strain grown in medium which induces trichothecene synthesis. (Left to right) Hypha visualized using DIC; TagRFP-T florescence showing trichodiene oxygenase within the membrane of spherical toxisomes; GFP fluorescence showing HMG CoA reductase within the membrane of spherical toxisomes; CMAC fluorescence used to visualize vacuoles; combined GFP, RS-Red and CMAC fluorescence showing co-localization of HMG CoA reductase and trichodiene oxygenase in toxisomes and vacuoles. Bar = 5 μm. (Note that the TagRFP-T tagged trichodiene oxygenase is expressed only under toxin inducing conditions). Results presented in Menke et al. (2013); figure generated for Weber (2013).