Table 3.

Agents approved for targeted treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma in Mainland China

Targeting agents	Date admitted in Mainland China	Recommendation therapy	Efficacy in Chinese patients	Common adverse effects
Sorafenib	November 2006	First-line	More effective in Chinese than Western patients Well tolerated Dose escalation in certain patients	Hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, fatigue, loss of appetite, alopecia
Sunitinib	May 2008	First-line	Similar effective with sorafenib Higher toxicity in Chinese than Western patients Dose reduction required in certain patients	Thrombocytopenia, hypothyroidism, neutropenia, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension
Everolimus	January 2013	After TKI failure	More effective in Chinese than Western patients Rarely yields complete response Well tolerated Dose reduction required in certain patients	Mouth ulceration, pyrexia, rash, noninfectious pneumonitis, anemia

Abbreviation: TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor.